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Standardfälle Arbeitsrecht
(2023)
Der Beitrag reflektiert die Erfahrungen mit einem neuen Weiterbildungsformat, den Digital Workspaces, welche im Frühjahr 2020 im Rahmen des Verbundprojektes Digitalisierung der Hochschulbildung in Sachsen (DHS) eingeführt wurden. Dabei werden neben pandemiebedingten Herausforderungen und Charakteristika des Formats Potenziale der Digital Workspaces aufgezeigt und ein Blick in die Zukunft dieses hochschuldidaktischen Angebots geworfen.
Multiplikatorenkonzepte zu Stress- und Emotionsregulation im Rettungsdienst – ein Scoping-Review
(2024)
Hintergrund: Beschäftigte im Rettungsdienst sind einem erhöhten Risiko ausgesetzt, psychische Beeinträchtigungen zu entwickeln, da sie in ihrem Berufsalltag hohen körperlichen und emotionalen Stressoren ausgesetzt werden. Der Umgang mit diesen Stressoren stellt eine wichtige Ressource dar, um im Sinne der Salutogenese eine Bewältigung vorzunehmen. Damit die Förderung der Stress- und Emotionsregulation nicht nur auf einer Verhaltensebene wirksam wird, bieten sich Multiplikatorenkonzepte mit einer verhältnisbezogenen Verzahnung in die Arbeitssysteme an.
Ziel der Arbeit: Die Überprüfung der verfügbaren Evidenz von Multiplikatorenkonzepten zur Stress- und Emotionsregulation im Rettungsdienst ist das Ziel des Scoping-Reviews.
Material und Methoden: Die Übersicht orientiert sich inhaltlich am Modell der Salutogenese und methodisch am Konzept des Joanna Briggs Institute zur Durchführung von Scoping-Reviews. Die Recherche basierte auf den Suchoberflächen PubMed sowie PubPsych (alle Evidenzquellen) und erstreckte sich auf deutsch- und englischsprachige Literatur im Zeitraum von 1997 bis 2023. Alle Schritte der Datensichtung und -extraktion wurden von zwei Reviewern unabhängig voneinander durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse: Für die Überprüfung der verfügbaren Evidenz wurden insgesamt 22.345 Datensätze identifiziert und gesichtet. Abschließend konnten vier Volltexte eingeschlossen werden. Die Interventionen richten sich neben Mitarbeitenden des Rettungsdiensts auch an andere Berufsgruppen. Alle Trainings sind modular aufgebaut. Die psychosozialen Widerstandsressourcen sind vielfältig. In drei von vier Studien können kleine Ergebnisse belegt werden; eine Intervention erhöht die Selbstwirksamkeit der Teilnehmenden.
Diskussion: Es gibt weltweit keine spezifischen Konzepte, die sich explizit an Mitarbeitende des Rettungsdiensts richten. Gezielte Interventionen sind aufgrund der hohen Belastungen der Berufsgruppe erforderlich.
Hybrid manufacturing of titanium Ti-6Al-4V combining laser metal deposition and cryogenic milling
(2020)
Hybrid manufacturing, which, e.g., combines additive manufacturing with conventional machining processes, can be a way of overcoming limitations currently encountered in additive manufacturing. Cryogenic milling might be a viable option for hard-to-cut materials, as it leaves a contamination-free surface and can increase surface quality and tool life compared to conventional cooling concepts. In this study, the influence of cryogenic milling with carbon dioxide on titanium Ti-6Al-4V specimens manufactured with laser metal deposition (LMD) was investigated regarding tool wear and surface integrity in comparison to dry machining and machining with cooling lubricants. Moreover, additional layers of material were deposited on top of conventionally and cryogenically machined surfaces by means of LMD. The interface zone was then examined for defects. The milling process was closely monitored by means of thermal and high-speed imaging. Optical and tactile surface analysis provided evidence that lower roughness values and improved surface qualities could be obtained with cryogenic machining in comparison to dry machining. Moreover, significantly less tool wear was observed when a cryogenic cooling medium was applied. Although the utilization of conventional cooling lubricants resulted in satisfying surface qualities, substantial residual contamination on the milled surface was detected by means of fluorescence analysis. These contaminants are suspected to cause defects when the next layer of material is deposited. This is supported by the fact that pores were found in the weld bead applied on top of the milled specimens by means of LMD. Conversely, cryogenic machining resulted in very clean surfaces due to the residue-free evaporation of the coolant. Hence, a good metallurgical bonding between the weld bead and the milled substrate could be achieved. The results indicate the great potential of cryogenic milling in hybrid manufacturing, especially in terms of intermediate machining, as it provides residue-free surfaces for subsequent material deposition without an additional cleaning step and can significantly prolongate tool life.
Dissipation energy based parameter identification of anisotropic linear viscoelastic composites
(2020)
The current work presents a relaxation analysis based procedure to identify effective material parameters of the multiaxial generalized Maxwell model (GMM) by a numerical homogenization of the microscopic dissipation energy density for anisotropic linear viscoelastic composites. The employed GMM enables the derivation of a thermodynamically consistent constitutive law and a function of the dissipation energy density for direction‐dependent viscoelastic materials. The identity of this energy function to the microstructure's homogenized dissipation energy density is utilized for the identification of effective relaxation times. Furthermore, the identified relaxation times enable a simple determination of the remaining stiffness parameters. Finally, the presented procedure is demonstrated and evaluated for a randomly endless fibre‐reinforced plastic with a polymer matrix exhibiting a significant viscoelastic behaviour.
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between contextual work-related factors in terms of job demands (workload-WL) and job resources (work flexibility-WF), work-life conflict (WLC) and the burnout dimension emotional exhaustion (EE) in a large population-based sample. Building on the job demands resources model (JDRM), we have developed the hypothesis that WL has an indirect effect on EE that is mediated by WLC. We conducted a secondary analysis using data from the Dresden Burnout Study (DBS, N = 4246, mean age (SD) = 42.7 years (10.5); 36.4% male). Results from structural equation modelling revealed that EE is positively associated with WL (β = 0.15, p = 0.001) and negatively associated with WF (β = -0.13, p = 0.001), also after accounting for potential confounding variables (demography, depressive symptoms, and lifetime diagnosis of burnout). Both effects are mediated by WLC (β = 0.18; p = 0.001 and β = 0.08; p = 0.001, respectively) highlighting the important role of WLC in employee health. In summary, WF may help to reduce burnout symptoms in employees, whereas WL may increase them. Study results suggest that both associations depend on WLC levels.
Sieg/Maschmann, Unternehmensumstrukturierung – Arbeitsrecht, Datenschutz, Due Diligence, 3. Aufl.
(2022)
Standardfälle Arbeitsrecht
(2022)
Recht
(2022)
The labor market is confronted with social, environmental, and economic developments that affect working conditions and individual labor relations. Lately, the Covid-19 pandemic has demonstrated and reinforced the importance of inclusive growth and sustainable work relationships. In this chapter, the smart job factory, a metamodel that supports the creation of new forms of work by redefining roles in labor, is introduced. The smart job factory is based on social entrepreneurship principles to drive innovative, sustainable, and long-term solutions to social challenges. For practical application, the model can be translated into a software solution that supports employers in the assessment of current working conditions and job roles within their companies and helps to redefine work relationships and to create new jobs. Thus, the smart job factory supports the labor market transition by systematically and proactively shaping new forms of work based on the triple bottom line of sustainable development.
Vitalpolitik
(2022)
Abstract: This chapter reconstructs the notion of ‘vital policy’ (Vitalpolitik), an approach to the social question whose first and strongest proponent amongst the Ordoliberals was Alexander Rüstow. It is opposed to traditional social policy as a top-down provision of material benefits (welfare). Instead, it aims at enabling those ‘conditions of life’ (Lebenslagen) that provide the prerequisites for human beings and their community to flourish. This humanistic approach attempts to complement the competitive processes in a market society and to provide access and equal opportunity to these processes, focusing on the notion of fair starting conditions for individuals. In its general thrust, Vitalpolitik is well compatible with more recent research programmes, especially the capability approach of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum.
This paper embeds the early political economy of Friedrich August von Hayek in the intellectual milieu of German ordoliberalism. The urgency during the 1930s and 1940s to stabilize the disintegrating societal orders is identified as a crucial driver behind the parallelisms between Hayek and the ordoliberals. Their shared theoretical position is that in such moments, liberty can thrive sustainably only after a framework of general and stable rules has been established. Hayek’s proximity to ordoliberalism was most explicitly discernible in The Road to Serfdom and at the founding meeting of the Mont Pèlerin Society in 1947, culminating in the shared politico-economic vision of the competitive order. The contextual nature of Hayek’s ordoliberalism surfaced in the years after The Constitution of Liberty when his focus shifted, along with the postwar intellectual and institutional stabilization of the West: from how stable orders enable liberty, to how liberty enables the evolution of orders.
Stefan Kolev zeichnet in seinem Beitrag die Geschichte und Bedeutung des schillernden Begriffs »Neoliberalismus« nach, welcher vielfach als Grund allen Übels gegen liberales Denken und Politik in Stellung gebracht wird. Kolev plädiert dafür, dass der Liberalismus sich immer wieder erneuern muss, also stetig neue Neoliberalismen benötigt.