Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Master's Thesis (54)
- Bachelor Thesis (48)
- Diploma Thesis (30)
- Article (1)
- Part of a Book (1)
Institute
Language
- English (134) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (134) (remove)
Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes offer some excellent electrochemical properties, including the widest potential window in aqueous solutions, low background currents and good chemical and mechanical stability. They can also be produced transparent and could offer a great potential for spectroelectrochemical (SEC) experiments. However, to reach the mentioned electrical properties for such optically transparent electrodes (OTE), heavy doping is needed to increase conductivity. The introduction of boron in return reduces the transparency significantly. This work investigates the effect of introducing an alternative path for electrons in the form of an highly conductive get transparent interlayer which could increase the conductivity without increasing the BDD film or the doping level supporting high transparency in the visible (Vis) and ultraviolet (UV) regime. This work furthermore investigates possible interlayers for this application and implements four of them in two BDD OTE samples which are extensively studied by electrical, optical and electrochemical methods. An ultra-thin metal film (UTMF) of titanium (Ti) is shown to decrease the electrochemical resistance by 2.4kOhms while decreasing the transparency of a BDD OTE by only 11%.
China is planning to rebuild the ancient Silk Road into a modern infrastructre network, spanning Asia, Central Asia and Europe. The investements are high and are not paying off. This thesis is exploring the political reasons for China's plans and the impact the initiative has on the Chinese-Kazakh relationship.
Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) as a means of public transportation is set to revolutionize the mobility behavior of elderly people in the coming future. Though the vehicle manufacturers and corporates emphasize on potential benefits of AVs to elderly citizens, very little has been researched and studied about this large cohort (age 65+) in society. This study aims to measure the experience of the elderlies in this Highly Automat Shuttle (HAS) in Berlin and find out the potential pros and cons affecting the design, trust and security, and perception to adopt this technology in the future. Among the elderly respondents surveyed, 93% found the HAS convenient, with minor design issues addressed. Respondents (90%) were willing to use it for their first and last-mile journey and considered that the HAS would help improve the social participation of elderlies with mobility restrictions. However, elderlies still have trust issues integrating a fully driverless vehicle in the domain of public transportation. The significant findings on the difference in the experience of HAS between the elderlies, adults, and younger adults could be adopted to develop the design further, making it more comfortable and trustworthy towards the elderly population.
Die Diplomarbeit umfasst die Analyse der für den Prüfstand notwendigen Geräte, den Aufbau des Prüfstandes und die Programmierung von kundenspezifischen Applikationen mittels LabVIEW.
Stereo matching methods are usually relying on rectified images to calculate disparities. If the rectification is inaccurate or not present at all most stereo matching algorithms will produce distorted disparity maps. In this thesis an approach is described that overcomes this issue for the PatchMatch Stereo algorithm. As groundwork for stereo matching four rectification procedures namely Bouget
This bachelor thesis is about the development and design of the suture-based HeartStitch MR device for functional restoration of the mitral valve when a mitral regurgitation is present. The mitral valve is one of the four existing heart valves and due to their load, the mitral valve is most commonly affected by valve defects. In case of a mitral regurgitation, the leaflets of the mitral valve are not closing tight enough, which causes a reflux of the oxygenated blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium. As consequence, the human body won't be sufficiently supplied with oxygen anymore, which results in a disproportionate cardiac output. Untreated, this can lead to respiratory dis-tress, cardiac arrhythmias and stroke or even to death. In this case, a heart surgery is essential to improve the patient
Diese empirische Diplomarbeit in englischer Sprache wirft einen Blick auf den Status Quo des Estnischen HIV/AIDS Präventionssystems und entwirft Hypothesen und Vorschläge, dessen Wirkung zu verbessern. Die Grundlage bilden qualitative Interviews mit Schlüsselpersonen, welche die Phänomene Konsens, Kooperation und Kapazitätenschaffung sowie deren Bedeutung für die Estnische HIV/AIDS Prävention untersuchen. Bei diesen Phänomenen handelt es sich um wichtige und bisher unbestimmte Problemfelder, welche zum Teil den Widerspruch zwischen einer erfolgreichen politischen und ökonomischen Transition Estlands und der hohen HIV Prävalenzrate erklären. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit beziehen sich auf das existierende Qualitätsmanagement von NGOs, die horizontale Kooperation von NGOs und die vertikale Kooperation von Staat und NGOs. Darüber hinaus wird der Aspekt der Führung sowie das Estnische Präventionsprogramm aus Mitteln des Globalen Found zur Bekämpfung von AIDS, Tuberkulose und Malaria betrachtet.
1 In an increasingly populated and technological world, manufacturing processes have become faster and data more voluminous. With this comes the need to store this massive production data and use real-time data monitoring tools to facilitate decision making in a plant. Concepts, derived from Pharma 4.0.
| 2 In the manufacturing environment there is, however, a big challenge in data collection and transmission, i.e. the communication between different equipments, sensors, and software. Since each manufacturer tends or has tended to use its own standards for programming and manufacturing the devices and tools.
| 3 Another major challenge is the secure transmission of data to avoid theft and cyber attacks, thus affecting the company's credibility and financial losses.
| 4 In this project the data transfer from Programmable Logic Controller (PLCs) was performed through the Matrikon Server and an interface belonging to the OPC Foundation, this technology allows the collection of data from different sources and delivers them safely to the process visualization software in a single language.
| 5 For software and hardware installation in a regulated environment, standards and validation methods need to be followed before, during and after installation of the required system.
| 6 This project aims to transfer data continuously and contemporaneously from a local source to the could environment and present the validation method used by pharmaceutical industries to validate this process in a GMP-regulated environment.
| 7 For the performance of the software installation, documents have been prepared and used to record and evidence the procedure. These documents were prepared and executed based on standards and methods relevant to the validation process.
| 8 The workers were also trained to know how to handle the data coming from production, and to be able to extract the value from it for different sectors, such as quality, raw material sector, energy sector, etc.
| 9 Finally, improvements were suggested for the documents and validation process used in this project. Since this installation will be used as a basis for future customer installations, not only for interfaces, but also for 1st and 2nd generation connectors.
This work aimed to apply the Floating Film Transfer Method (FTM), developed by Kaneto et.al., as a new way of coating planar and nonplanar substrates with photoresist. Focus laid on the creation of a workflow to coat the substrate and process it by UV-Lithography and Nanoimprint lithography. Conventional coating methods like spin-, spray- or dip coating are well established in today’s industry but are limited in their capabilities to coat curved and structured surfaces. FTM offers the possibility to overcome these limitations. Therefore, two negative resists AR N 4400 and AR N 4600 10 as well as two positive resists AR P 3110 and AZ MIR 701 were drop cast on deionized water. The resist spreads into a thin film that can be transferred to a planar or curved substrate. Profilometric and ellipsometric measurements were conducted to evaluate the topography of the resist. A non-uniform thickness distribution was found depending on the resist and parameters like solid content, water temperature, and the amount of surfactant. UV-Lithography and Nanoimprintl ithography were successfully performed with these films. Resolutions as low as 2,3±0,4 µm were achieved by UV-Lithography of AR P 3110. A periodic pattern with a pitch of 1,51 µm was transferred by thermal nanoimprint lithography to AR N 4400 10. As proof of concept Laser Direct Writing was performed to structure AZ MIR 701coated on a glass vial.
The thesis analysis the car parks’ elements and the factors that influence the drivers’ behaviour on them. Then makes an approach to the definition of the strategy of how the car drivers search for free parking spaces. The reason for it is that there is a need to assess car parks’ design parameters in the terms of their performance. One of the decisive factors is also the drivers’ behaviour. A car park simulation based on the environment of matrices is designed and implemented in MATLAB. The algorithm for searching for the parking spaces is designed and implemented within that as well. The results of the simulation are presented.
Morality confronts us in our daily life. Sometimes people do not act the way we would have expected it. One of the biggest culture differences can be found between China and Germany. A lot of foreigners try to make business in the more and more economic important becoming country. A lot of them fail, because of not knowing how to act in certain circumstances. Furthermore, some situations are happening which one would not expected. Everyone got influenced by media about China. But is everything true about it? Most of the journalists are from western countries and they decide what is right and what wrong dependent from their origin. We call such a situation ethnocentrism. It means, that one judges dependent on ones ethnical norms one raised up with and that these norms are basis of valuation on other cultures (Schubert, 2011). While I was in China, I experienced a lot moral misunderstandings. I found out that especially foreign companies do have huge problems in that term because they use their - grown up morality- in China which is not working. This paper explains moral inequalities and helps companies to act differently in consideration of a very important topic such as payment morality.
In this paper, we propose cache replacement strategies based on the machine learning methods. As part of this work, we analyse the data provided for caching, design, and train Random Forest Regression and Gradient Boosting Decision Trees to predict the popularity of web objects. Finally we compare the proposed strategies with policies traditionally used for cache replacement to evaluate their applicability.
This thesis aims to explain the German and Indian Road & Traffic designing, Green & Smart roads. This topic mainly involves around how both the countries are maintaining a different set of standards in designing roads and analysing them. India is the 2nd largest road network in the world and Germany having a greater number of highway connectivity throughout the country if the area isn’t considered both the countries have an equal amount of road connectivity. When we mainly consider Road, traffic designing, Green & Smart Road concepts practiced in both the countries the methods, procedures and standards used are different. Here we will analyse key factors that play a major role in differentiating Road and traffic designs and by considering some conditions and situations from both the countries we will analyse them. we will also analyse how much efforts are put in to implementing the Green, smart roads and we will further analyse how far did both the nations implemented their ideas and how much effect did it show and we will go through the Solar power produced, support for electrical vehicles, Automation improved and Iot (Internet of things) implemented for less human interactions and more advancement in transportation.
This research investigates the Leipzigerstraße and Gießereistraße intersection in Rackwitz to enhance safety and sustainable transportation. The study analyzes existing designs that experience accidents and proposes a design plan of mini roundabout to improve safety while using the guideline Anlage von Kreisverkehren. In this project, the roundabout is planned according to the currently valid guidelines from phase 2 of the HOAI (Fee Structure for Architects and Engineers). Rainwater management strategies and traffic quality of the roundabout are considered. Additionally, cyclist-friendly paths connecting Rackwitz and Zschölkau are developed in line by using guideline ERA. The proposed roundabout design and elevated cycle paths are identified as effective solutions to enhance safety and support eco-friendly transportation. By adhering to established guidelines and prioritizing safety, this research contributes to creating a secure and sustainable urban transportation network.
ABSTRACT:
Multimodal transportation system which is also called as Combined transportation system. This type of transportation is seen in two methods i.e., movement of passengers from one place to another and movement of cargo using different types of transportation vehicles (Trains, trams, metro, bus, ship, truck, bicycle, airplane and air cargos). This type of system can also be derived
as single ticket (passengers) and single contract (freight) transportation. This will help in reducing the travel time, air pollution, economy, environmental changes, and unorganized journey. The main goal of the thesis is to bring ease in the multi-modal transportation system in India and to make people choose public transport over private and to provide end to end transportation facilities for people, so that people opt for public transportation as it is budget friendly as well. For instance, prevailing the single ticket (passengers) and single contract (freight) transportation system in Germany could be implemented in India. A single transport operator system is needed to meet the desired target in implementing multi-modal transportation
system feasibly. The main issue lies in the implementation of this system in Indian conditions which can be fulfilled by integration of various institutions involved in it for instance linking up the network channels of various modes of transport (end to end transportation). The rising concerns of funding by Indian government can be resolved by the implementation of this system
in the form of subsidies.
My research paper also includes the phases of MMTS, how it was earlier and how it has been in contemporary times. Major Factors like total cost, reliability, transportation capability, total time and security drive forward to developing multi-modal transportation system. This system is helpful in the growth of a nation's economy and is energy-efficient. Reliability of this system shall be based on the funding from the government because the absence of multi-modal transportation system leads to pollution, and ill health. The amount of funding plays a vital role in determining country to country (MMTS) development. Having been considering the advantages and uses of this system it is important to look into the disadvantages of the system.
For instance, How can implementing multi-modal transportation system in India be feasible?
This master's thesis focuses on developing a robust framework for co-simulating microscopic traffic scenarios and vehicle dynamics, leveraging the capabilities of SUMO and CARLA. The essence of this research lies in its meticulous analysis of existing simulation tools, leading to identifying the most effective co-simulation strategies and intercommunication methods. A comparative study elucidates the strengths and limitations of these methodologies, guiding the selection of an optimal approach.
Central to the methodology is a thorough understanding and application of SUMO and CARLA, enhanced by the strategic implementation of intercommunication methods. The detailed integration of these tools and the introduction of test automation significantly boost simulation efficacy. The framework's reliability and accuracy are rigorously validated through well-defined procedures and metrics, ensuring fidelity in simulation results.
Key to this research is the design of experimental scenarios that reflect real-world traffic conditions underpinned by carefully chosen simulation parameters. These scenarios are pivotal in validating the co-simulation framework's performance, supplemented by a performance cost analysis focusing on processing efficiency. The thesis culminates with a critical discussion of the findings, addressing the research objectives and posing solutions to identified challenges. Potential areas for future enhancements are explored, highlighting the framework's limitations.
In conclusion, this thesis contributes significantly to the field of traffic simulation for autonomous driving technologies. It presents a comprehensive co-simulation framework, offering researchers and engineers a sophisticated tool for advanced testing and validation. The insights and recommendations provided are instrumental for ongoing research and development in this rapidly evolving domain.
In this study more than 150 kg real waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) shredder residues from different European dismantling plant were treated by laserspectroscopic flouroescence and solvent-based recycling process. Currently, the samples used are excluded from material recycling and remain as side streams in state-of-the-art plastic recycling plants. The main reason why the waste streams are not currently recycled is due to the fact that they contain flame retardants that are already banned by different EU regulations (e.g. REACH, POP) and must be removed before the recyclates produced can be used again in products on the market. Conventional recycling technologies cannot separate these hazardous flame retardants from the polymers, therefore the solvent-based recycling process was used for this study. The focus within this work was the upscaling of the CreaSolv® Process from the laboratory scale to the small technical scale to provide larger quantities of recyclates. Sensor-based sorting process and CreaSolv® Process were combined to achieve easier handling and better yields of recyclates. By means of safe solvents a significant decrease of halogen content of (up to 98%) was achieved within the applied methods. Mass balances were determined, and gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) as well as energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) measurements provided data on the different flame retardants and halogen content of each recyclate. As a result, the recyclates produced comply with the limit values of the EU directives (e.g. POPs, REACH). Melt flow analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were carried out on the recyclates for a quality evaluation and revealed that the recyclates have similar properties to virgin materials. Based on this work, the upscaling of the CreaSolv® Process is able to recycle WEEE containing pollutants and at the same time produce recyclates with good mechanical properties.
Developing of a marketing-mix for Duerr Ecoclean for the modified Spray Cleaning Machine "Jeto 84W". Duerr Ecoclean already established its business within the Chinese Automotive Industry and is now trying to touch the Chinese Component Industry. Therefore, they are looking for a suitable strategy to enter this market. The thesis included an analysis of the market environment, customer base, and competitor structure to develop a fitting marketing-mix to implement the Spray Cleaning Machine "Jeto 84W".
Methods of analyzing the structural integrity of compound materials under stressed conditions becoming more importantly. Not merely safety and economic reasons demanding a good monitoring of e.g. wind turbine blades or aircraft wings but also ecological ones. The existing strategy for the blades is to replace them at a certain schedule, resulting in unnecessary downtimes and high cost. Several possibilities of an optical structural health monitoring system been examined in this thesis. Both free-space and fiber-based setups are tested and evaluated in their usability. The methods were tested with the objective of embedding them into large-scale polymer structures such as the mentioned fields of application.
The birefringence of single crystal diamonds is quantified using a birefringence measurement setup and a Matlab program for the calculation. The theoretical backgrounds of the polarization of light and polarization changing equipment is used for selecting a plane polariscope measurement method. Here, a birefringent sample is placed between two optical polarizers. The equipment, as well as its theoretical and practical behavior in the measurement setup is discussed. The equations for birefringence measurements are given and a practical Matlab program is introduced to simplify the birefringence calculation for the user. Possible influences on the birefringence value due to inaccuracies of the laser, the polarizers, the diamond sample, the magnification lenses and the camera are discussed and taken into account. Intensity fluctuations and polarization changes of the laser beam are studied. The direction of the transmission axis of the polarizer and the analyzer is examined. A retarder is inserted into the measurement setup to check the accuracy of the birefringence measurement since a retarder has a known phase retardation. This retarder measurement should qualify the measurement setup to quantify birefringence of the diamond sample. The measurement results show that intensity fluctuations of the laser and the handling inaccurracies of the polarizers have a major influence on the accurracy of the birefringence measurement. This measurement setup is not qualitfied to measure birefringence accurate yet. Steps to improve the measurement setup and the birefringence calculation are discussed.
To improve the quality of education in applied laser physics, a new and innovative educational platform was designed, realized and tested. The system focusses on the improvement of the theoretical, experimental and numerical skills in the topics of ultra-short pulsed fiber based laser systems and related measurement techniques. The main content of the platform is the fundamental understanding of the technologies of an ytterbium-doped fiber based Master-Oscillator Power-Amplifier and a 2nd order intensity autocorrelator. A wide range of system parameters are variable and metrologically accessible. Thus the underlying physical mechanisms are illustrated and, by this the fundamental understanding of the system, improved. To transfer actual industrial and scientific topics into the experimental education of students, the complex lab course aims for a full characterization of the system by experimental work and a numerical analysis by simulating the system dynamics. A state-of-the-art educational tool was created to demonstrate current industrial sys-tems. An amplification of 37.2 dB was achieved. The pulses with a temporal width of 30.6 picoseconds possessed a pulse peak power of 14.2 kW. By the analysis of the material specific spectral properties, the rate equation model can be applied and im-portant system parameters determined.
This thesis will examine the process of internationalization which generates international changes and growth, entry into new markets and the creation of new businesses. Projecting this on the sports industry, businessmen tend to take more risks than a few decades ago in the interest of becoming more competitive. The sports industry is used to transmit multiple messages as it reaches global audiences. The term sports covers much more than the physical activity. The term also comprises possibilities for lucrative business actions, sponsoring and image creation. Furthermore, it induces a pooling of diverse cultures. Thanks to this boundary-spanning connection of sportsmen and arising opportunities to increase sales, managers have decided to go international and to expand their company
Natural varnishes have been used for centuries by musical instrument makers to protect the instruments for climatic, aesthetic and acoustic reasons. The effects of varnishes on the protection of the wood surface, as well as their aesthetic parameters, are easier to verify and compare visually, but the comparison of their acoustic effects has always been challenging and debated.
In fact, varnish layers have a small effect on the vibration properties of wood. For example, the effect of a decrease or increase in humidity on the vibration properties of wood is sometimes equal to the effect of several layers of varnish. Because of this small amount of effect, measuring this effect is also difficult and challenging.
Our strategy in this study is to obtain the clearest possible results by comparing the effect of only two types of oil varnishes with completely opposite elastomechanical properties and increasing the number of samples varnished.
The samples were measured before and after each varnish layer using conventional methods for measuring vibration properties, and the average results of the same samples were discussed and analyzed.
Overall, the amber varnish obviously has a more negative effect on the vibration properties of the violin plates compared to the colophony varnish.
This work is aimed to study the effect of two types of stresses/corrosion on different materials used in making of disc brake rotors, atmospheric corrosion and thermal fatigue. The materials chosen were steel (100Cr6), nodular cast iron (GJS-400-15) and Aluminium reinforced silicon carbide (F3S-20S). Specimens of the each material will be subjected to an induced atmospheric corrosion using the salt spray (fog) chamber for two different test durations to simulate atmospheric corrosion. Other specimens of the chosen materials will be subjected to a thermal fatigue test through a repeated heating-cooling cycle. The effects on the materials will be measured by the difference in the values of coefficient of friction and the wear rate before and after the tests are carried out. Analysis of the induced corrosion and thermal fatigue products will be carried out by XRD analysis and microscopic photos of the surfaces. A comparison between the different tested materials will also be performed.
With the launch of a new vehicle model Rolls-Royce Motorcars had to face a dramatic volume increase from 300% more cars being build in existing structure and facilities in the Test and Finish Area. This massive volume increase required a revisiting of the process flow of cars through this Test and Finish Area to show optimisation potential and possible improvements to work packages and sequence of operation. Furthermore it will be necessary to implement those improvements to cope increased future throughput targets. To find optimisation and improvement potentials it was essential to analyse the entire area. In doing so every single station and work package was analysed. In addition to this a simulation model was used to confirm the highlighted problems and bottlenecks. Furthermore it was possible to investigate the influence of certain measures. In a following step it was the aim to show a way how a permanent and stable vehicle flow is achievable. According to that an action plan was developed, which shows clear measures to cope not only future but also the current production volume. In doing so it was possible to gain a transparency into the processes. Furthermore the process flow was optimised into a pull strategy to improve respectively implement a takt adherence.
was ist HIV/AIDS? Wie ist HIV/AIDS verbreitet in der Welt? HIV/AIDS in Tanzania: heute und in Zukunft Auswirkungen von AIDS auf Struktur und Zusammensetzung der Arbeitskräfte in Tanzania -> ableitend davon Auswirkungen auf betriebe, auf die Wirtschaftallgemein, auf verschiedene Wirtschaftszweige -> außerdem inwieweit AIDS den einzelnen Haushalt betrifft, insbesondere Frauen Zusammenspiel von Armut und AIDS
Active Traffic Management Systems – Developing a Package of Measurements for the City of Füssen
(2021)
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and Active Transportation and Demand Management (ATDM) are new commanders in the world of transportation engineering. The combination of ATDM and ITS has created a concept called “Active Traffic Management (ATM)”. The world’s ATM is getting a higher point for major technological changes that have been bringing new ways in public and private transport managing, decision making, smart cities, traffic control, safety and environment.
The management, control, influence of travel demand and traffic flow in transportation facilities is referred to as ATM. Actions are taken in real time to improve system performance, such as preventing or delaying breakdown conditions, enhancing safety, encouraging sustainable travel modes or cutting emissions, using archived data and or/predictive methods.
In this Master's thesis, it has been exanimated the prominent different areas of Active Traffic Management in traffic engineering with a special focus on the sections of traffic management, signal control, and simulations with the program VISSIM. To discuss this issue, this paper begins with a brief introduction of the names and concepts of the current technologies in ATM, followed by an example. Important data and challenges for the study case of the city of Füssen in Germany will be presented in the text, subsequent to some results, conclusions and recommendations. In addition, the current and alternative scenarios with their respective level of service are researched according to German regulations. A simulation of different nodes has been modeled to observe the respective delays, level of services and emissions of the intersections selected in the city.
Keywords
Traffic Engineering, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), Active Traffic Management (ATM), Level of Service (LOS) and Traffic Simulation.
The leading question, which political system is better suited for an emerging economy with a large population to ensure an effective climate protection, builds the nucleus of this thesis. The People's Republic of China and the Republic of India, which share similar demographic conditions and represent an autocratic and a democratic form of government, are compared in terms of the formulation and implementation of climate protection strategies and measures to draw conclusions about the characteristics of the respective systems.
The sysWORXX CTR-700 is a versatile edge controller solution developed by SYSTEC electronic AG and sold since 2017. The embedded device is designed for industrial environments to control other machines and equipment connected to it
over Ethernet network, CAN bus or a set of digital and analog input/output pins.
As a central controller in such automated environments, security is an important aspect. Especially integrity of all devices as well as confidentiality of stored and processed data must be ensured. Furthermore, provable authenticity of hardware is crucial to secure the controller's environment and prevent counterfeit hardware.
The sysWORXX CTR-700 has a built-in cryptographic co-processor ATECC508A from Microchip Inc. This ac:HSM provides hardware support for algorithms based on elliptic curve cryptography as well as secured slots for cryptographic keys and other confidential secrets.
This thesis analyses requirements for secure hardware verification and license management supported by the ac:HSM to enhance the existing solutions by leveraging military-grade cryptography standard algorithms and processes. Over
the course of this document, security principles are presented, relevant cryptographic systems and algorithms are explained to build a strong foundation and understanding.
Furthermore, the ATECC508A is introduced with its capabilities and prerequisites for secure confidential operation.
The proposed solution is a form of a vendor acrlong:PKI system. Technical and organizational policies for the ac:PKI are covered. They are accompanied by a detailed process description for provisioning the sysWORXX CTR-700 and the integrated ac:HSM. The process is supported by a set of custom-built tools for managing licenses and devices.
Ferroelectric doped hafnium oxide might be able to revive the ferroelectric memory as a candidate for future non-volatile memories. Recent publications have reported ferroelectricity in HfO2 films deposited via physical vapor deposition (PVD) and thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD). Within this thesis, such layers have been fabricated by a plasma enhanced ALD process for the first time. Using an O2 remote plasma to oxidize TEMAHf and TMAl, respectively, Al:HfO2 stacks with different compositions have been deposited. Sputter deposited TiN was used as bottom and top electrode to form metal-insulator-metal capacitors. Compared to the PVD or thermal ALD films reported in literature, the plasma enhanced ALD films exhibited one to two orders higher leakage current at 1 V. The root of this higher leakage are oxygen vacancies as well as carbon and nitrogen impurities in the range of several at%. Despite the consequential perturbing effects, the main trends reported earlier are discernable. Just these perturbing effects turn out to substantiate the current explanation of a ferroelectric phase as route source for the observed electrical behavior.
Despite lacking sufficient evidence, the shift to automated mobility has often been regarded as progress towards a safer road transport system. Following the introduction of the first production car that has been officially certified as Level 3 earlier in 2022, the driver can shift their role to only as a fallback when the automated driving system reaches its limit of the Operational Design Domain. In the event of an accident, though, the matter will only get even more complicated, especially in the process of unravelling the party that was performing the Dynamic Driving Task at the time of the collision. An accident investigation is done to provide insight into how it occurred and uncover the liable parties. This thesis reviews various methods reconstructing an accident scene, such as photogrammetry and laser scanning, as well as elaborating the relevant data that has already available in the vehicle and from the infrastructure. Recommendations are also presented on for the future data collection, specifically in the scenario of automated driving, to improve such practice.
The NobleStitchTM EL Cardiovascular Suturing System can be used in general surgical, interventional and endoscopic procedures, such as Patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure, transapical ventricular closure, carotid arterial closure, mitral annuloplasty or edge-to-edge mitral valve repair. The System is used through an access device or in an open setting. For applying suture to a wound site, one Device of the NobleStitchTM EL Cardiovascular Suturing System, called the NobleStitchTM EL (S)
In the present work of thesis, exhaust gas temperature transients of different diesel electric hybrid configurations equipped to a mid-size European passenger car were evaluated through numerical simulation. Different degrees of hybridization, from micro to mild hybrids, based on General Motors BAS powertrain architecture, enabling different hybridization strategies, were taken into account in order to obtain a preliminary assessment of the impact of micro and mild hybridization on the exhaust aftertreatment system's efficiency over the regulated New European Driving Cycle. Thereto, the simulation software GT-SUITE featuring an one dimensional code was used to build a model of the reference vehicle with conventional powertrain, to which the corresponding BAS configurations were later equipped. The simulated exhaust gas temperature transients were then compared and evaluated.
China has become one of the largest economies world wide. While China itself used to receive huge amounts of FDI or aid from developed countries, it is now in the position to support less developed coutries. Cambodia is an example for such an LDC which is strongly supported through development aid and investments from China. This thesis analyses the unique advantages this country is offering to China. In addition, this thesis is trying to evaluate whether both participating countries equally benefit from this partnership.
In this project we develop an intelligent water meter based on software solutions offered by the IOTA Foundation. The water meter allows the customer to map water usage in real-time and pay water on demand, as well as the water provider to map water usage on a greater scale, regulate water supply during low- demand phases and offers regulatory functions to prepare for drought or humid climate, and to incentivise sustainable water usage in high-demand fields like agriculture. This functionality is phrased into a research issue:
Invention of a working prototype to demonstrate the IOTA Streams and Wallet protocols for a meter with additional focus on economic efficiency and the technical preparation of scalability.
Utilizing the IOTA streams protocol, a next generation secure data connection is established between the water meter and a server-sided software application. On this connection, water consumption is mapped into a data bench, and informative data and commands are issued to the graphical interface of the meter.
The IOTA wallet library is leveraged to provide customer accounts corresponding to their meter. IOTA tokens can be send to the account, which grants access to water in a matter of seconds. Depending on the regulatory scenario, water flow can be stopped as soon as the account is exhausted (i.e. public well), or an overdraw can be established in order to guarantee fulfilment of basic human rights (i.e. private households).
Since pricing data can be calculated server-sided and water consumption is mapped in very narrow intervals of as low as 4 seconds, the price can be used as tool to regulate consumption.
The physical components include an electrical ball valve to shut down water flow automatically, a command line interface to provide informative data,, a Raspberry Pi running the client-sided software application, and a water meter with MBus-Interface, as well as a Controlling Board to connect the Raspberry Pi with both peripheral devices.
The finished prototype shows, that water consumption can be mapped on a highly secure level, in near real-time, from afar, flexible for most applications.
Integrating Message-Based Load Distribution for Asynchronous Processes in an Enterprise Application
(2011)
With the ever-growing need for more scalable and fault-tolerant enterprise-level intranet and extranet solutions, application vendors are trying to prepare their products for multiple-machine environments. Apart from the traditional clustering approach of balancing and distributing user requests equally over several nodes, applications can be designed to handle greater loads by allowing designated background processes to run independently and be scaled separately from the main business logic and client request handling processes. Liferay Portal, a web-based enterprise-level portal and CMS solution developed by the company of the same name, already offers support for modeling a multi-node setup by utilizing well-known clustering paradigms in the manner of search index replication or cache invalidation as well as taking the application server's session replication mechanisms into account. Its upcoming release, however, will introduce long-running, CPU-bound features like creating document previews and encoding video or audio files , which will intensify the need for a concept that allows for queuing and equally distributing processor time
As one of the key technologies involved in communication networks, all-optical switching has witnessed many research efforts during the last decade. This work presents a detailed investigation of the properties and attractive interaction of spatial solitons in nematic liquid crystals for all-optical switching devices. This includes a description of basic properties such as their multimode behavior, as well as their power dependent interactions and signal steering. Furthermore, the temporal performance of an all-optical switching setup is analyzed and discussed. Thanks to their long-range, phase and wavelength independent interactions at milliwatts powers, and despite their slow response time in switching applications, nematicons proved to be an extremely promising testbed for soliton-based devices, including signal waveguides and power-dependent spatial steering devices.
An omnipresent topic in the economic news of the current year 2018 were the
developments regarding the smoldering trade dispute between the USA and China.
Within short periods of time, a downright exchange of strikes between the
administrations of the two countries evolved, with the President of the USA, Donald
Trump, in particular, pithily announcing to China an increasingly serious threat of
sanctions. Although the Chinese side was noticeably striving to de-escalate the verbal
dispute, it also presented a series of sanctions which were described in the relevant
press as so-called retaliatory tariffs.
The reason behind this diplomatic duel, however, has substance. It is evident that the
USA and China share an exceptional status with regard to economic fundamentals.
The US has the largest international trade deficit of US$ 375.2 billion vis-à-vis China.
China, on the other hand, is by far the largest creditor of the USA on an international
scale and currently holds around US$ 1.2 trillion in government bonds. Accordingly,
China exerts a major economic influence over the USA. This objective situation
opposes the subjective self-reflection of the government under President Trump, which
hardly misses an opportunity to operate on an international level with the help of
supposed deals according to the credo "America first".
The purpose of this study is to bring China closer to the audience, especially from the marketing perspective. The automotive industry, textile industry, technological industry, food, and beverage industries and much more have developed themselves in the Chinese market. Subsequently, the writer chose one sector of the technology industry, which are smartphones. The focus of this thesis is already available smartphone brands in China. The perception of smartphone brands should help in determining how the producing country is looked at, if the image clouds the judgment and if consumers are loyal to brands. These insights allow us to draw conclusions and recommendations for the communication and design of smartphone brands.
Objective: Sagittal balance (SB) plays important role in the successful treatment of spinal disorders. Segmental lordosis is an important SB parameter in spinal surgery and diagnosis, which can help to ensure proper surgical planning and better postoperative outcomes. The manual measurement of segmental lordosis is associated with problems such as time-consuming procedures, high error rates, and poor reproducibility.
The bachelor thesis proposes a solution by exploring and evaluating a more efficient and reliable AI-based method for determining segmental lordosis in preoperative patients, which is compared to measurements made by experienced physicians.
Methods: hidden due to a non-disclosure agreement.
Results: hidden due to a non-disclosure agreement.
Conclusions: hidden due to a non-disclosure agreement.
Regional power shift in Southeast Asia: Comparing economic influence of China and Japan in ASEAN
(2017)
This work deals with the Sino-Japanese power competition in Southeast Asia, which is here considered as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). For this purpose, the academic discourse on regional powers in general, as well as in Southeast Asia is outlined, with special regard to the relation of economic and soft power. On the basis of trade and investment figures an analysis in comparative perspective is conducted, which examines the development of the Chinese and Japanese economic influence in ASEAN over the past decades.
Es wird ein neuartiges, interferometrisches Verfahren zur Analyse dünner Filme beschrieben.
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a wide area in computer science and software engineering that finds its application not only in such fields as machine learning or artificial intelligence, but also has very quickly become a very popular solution to various questions and issues raised in the academic field. Those issues include information classification, text analysis, performing a so-called “smart search”, information grouping, providing feedback to academic papers, and many more. The application designed and implemented for this thesis targets solving a similar problem, which is described in details below.
The faculty of Physical Engineering and Informatics at the Westsächsische Hochschule Zwickau uses a software tool called “Quest”. The “Quest” serves as an online platform that enables students to ask questions regarding the module material introduced by the teaching professors. The professors can use these questions in order to keep track of the topics rising the most amount of uncertainty, as well as to clarify those questions during the lectures. Since the modules repeat over time, similar or identical questions are frequently asked by students.
The current functionality of the “Quest” tool, however, does not provide grouping or clustering questions with a similar content into one category. The reason why this is important is because in the future phases of the improvement of the functionality of the “Quest”, professors want to be able to link similar questions with a learning material or online resources that the students can benefit from. This, however, is only possible when each incoming question is labeled with a certain category, and all previously inputted questions associated with this category become visible through the UI of the tool. That would allow students to review the questions referring to the same category that were previously asked by others, as well as to get access to the study materials or resources associated with that category.
The functionality described above would significantly improve the study process and therefore a solution to this problem is needed. One way to solve this issue would be to perform a manual classification of existing questions into associated categories, which given the large size of the question database would be quite time- and effort-consuming. Another option would be to build an application that would be able to analyze the existing dataset of questions and, with the help of the NLP techniques, classify new questions asked by students and identify the similar ones from an existing database.
The tool implemented for the above-mentioned purposes aims to serve as text analytics and classification application that would be able to find and categorize similar text and questions provided by students and/or professors at the Westsächsische Hochschule Zwickau.
This bachelor thesis demonstrates the process of building a software tool using certain NLP techniques, such as tokenization, model training, categorization, NER (Named Entity Recognition), and POS (Parts of Speech tagging), which are defined and described in Chapter 2: “Literature Overview”. The relevance of these techniques in terms of the classification tool built in the context of this thesis is discussed in the section “Selection of NLP tools and techniques” of the “Methodology” chapter.
The aim of this thesis is to describe the methods and software tools used to develop a restful API for text classification, as well as to compare and analyze the effectiveness of two common NLP classifiers – the Naïve Bayes and Logistic Regression (Entropy Model) algorithms.
Since Carbon emissions are soaring all over the atmosphere, the world suffers from significant problems daily. It has become apparent that reliance on single occupancy vehicle transportation is unsustainable, expensive, and primarily harmful to humankind. Rural areas are frequently abandoned while expanding
transportation infrastructure as urbanisation grows. In rural areas, a lack of adequate and inexpensive transportation options leads to seclusion and restricted access to products, facilities, and job opportunities.
This study explores the potential of alternative transportation methods to improve mobility in rural areas. The objectives of the research are to expand knowledge on sustainable alternative transportation in rural regions and to offer practical solutions for enhancing accessibility and mobility for rural residents.
The study employed a mixed-method approach, including a literature review, a survey, and interviews with participants in two rural regions, Mosel and Oberrothenbach. The findings suggest that the transportation challenges faced by rural inhabitants can be effectively and sustainably addressed through walking and by using alternative transportation modes, such as cycling and public transit. This thesis provides a range of ideas and strategies to improve regulations, programs, and infrastructure related to alternative transportation modes in rural areas. This study dives into the characteristics and requirements
of these places using a combination of quantitative and qualitative surveys done in representative two rural regions to recommend successful alternative transportation solutions of On-Demand Transport Services and Electric or Trolley bus Services for daily commutes. The findings underline the need for flexible, multimodal, and on-demand transit choices, as well as the need for community participation and technology integration.
The traffic calming measures aim to slow down traffic speed, accident frequency, and reduction of through traffic caused mainly by motorized vehicles in residential areas. These measures are primarily addressed to the specific streets and lead the necessary or remaining traffic to drive in a restrained or considerate manner. While these measures are designed to prevent conflicts between pedestrians and motorists, they impose unstable traffic patterns and are sometimes unable to accommodate the increasing motor vehicle flows, as they are concentrated only on certain streets.
This paper investigates area-wide urban traffic calming techniques from existing projects. It explains how traffic regulatory and structural measures link together or separately to restrict the movement of motor vehicles traveling through neighborhood streets and divert them to main roads. The implemented sample measures were illustrated and described with photos of their current locations.
In this thesis, the district Äußere Neustadt was defined as a model area in Dresden to analyze and redesign the existing mobility plan in order to reduce the MIV flows with the main objectives of giving space for pedestrians, cyclists, and public transport. The district's street infrastructure is heavily impacted by the presence of parked vehicles, raising challenges to the safe movement of both bicyclists and oncoming motor vehicles. In the frame of the model project initiative - "Woche des guten Lebens", the volunteer team has designed a traffic experiment and carried out an online survey to assess citizens' opinions of the Äußere Neustadt. The analyses demonstrate and emphasize the necessity of political support and interactive communication with citizens regarding the area-wide radical sustainable mobility plan. Considering the positive feedback of the citizens, the new mobility plan was realized in this paper.
Area-specific traffic calming techniques such as diagonal or cross barriers, zone speed limits, offsets, one-way streets, etc. were analyzed from the implemented projects to determine the appropriate solutions for the specified streets. The district's existing traffic network and the new solutions offered were visualized using QGIS software.
The implemented new traffic plan will lead to more space for pedestrians and bicycle traffic and a reduction in traffic noise.
ABSTRACT
Traffic congestion is a worldwide issue seen in various metropolitan cities. The reason for the existence of traffic congestion is overpopulation and high volumes of private cars that the roads are not able to sustain. The causes of traffic congestion are accidents, pollution, rush hours, bus bunching, and delays. Data and statistics are provided for traffic congestion related to rush hours. The benefits of public transportation such as buses are discussed. In this paper various forms of transit signal priority (TSP) strategies are assessed. TSP is a strategy that improves public transportation. The goal is to lessen congestion, lessen wait times, lessen travel times, and improve the service. Various forms of transit signal priority are researched and analyzed such as green wave, red truncation, dedicated bus lanes, queue jumps, etc.
The principal objective and aim of this thesis are improving traffic flow at the intersections of 2nd avenue @ 97th street, 2nd avenue @ 98th street and 2nd avenue @ 99th street in Manhattan. VISSIM will be utilized in implementing and setting up a high-quality microscopic simulation model of the signalized intersection in Manhattan. Providing prioritization for public transportation (specifically buses). Analyzing deficiencies in the traffic flow at the intersection 2nd avenue @ 97th, 98 and 99th street. The real time aspects will be considered on the selected intersections such as traffic signal coordination, speeds, pedestrians, various types of vehicles, public transportation, and bus stops.
There will be two models simulated: one that simulates the real time conditions. The second model in VISSIM implement changes to traffic flow on signalized intersection through V-A controller logic system. Improved signalization utilizes tsp and shows changes to congestion by giving buses priority with the help of detectors on signalized intersections. The aim of this model is to provide priority to buses and allows them special treatment; ultimately improves the bus service and traffic congestion.
KEYWORDS:
Bus priority, transit signal priority, detectors, public transportation, green extension, V-A Signal controller.
Cloud Computing has had an impact on the computer science in recent years. Instead of the traditional way, where the using and providing of hardware resources and software are inflexible, Cloud Computing represents a pool of scalable, on-demand and easily available Cloud Services. These are differentiated by infrastructure, platform or software and are provided by a Cloud Service provider. An example of a service provider is a business software provider. Due to this of business software customers are increasingly are interested in a shift to Cloud Computing. Customers want to appreciate the advantages of Cloud Computing, such as the reduction of business expenditures generally or make business more flexible. This Bachelor Thesis analyses Cloud Computing's possibilities and advantages, especially Cloud Services, to forming the basis of expanding business software providers' product portfolio. The analyses results the concept for providing existing software components as a Cloud Service, without radically altering component configuration. This is used by a number of actors types and points out the advantage of using Cloud Services in different ways. Finally, a prototype implementation analysis the technical feasibility of the concept and represents a basis for conclusion and outlook
The objective of the study is to improve the functionality of the Virtual Reality Laboratory (VR Labs) of the Faculty of Automotive Engineering and enhance its applicability in Road Traffic Engineering education and training at the University of Applied Sciences Zwickau (WHZ). In this study, a comprehensive description of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) as well as their wide application in education has been given.
An insight into the VR Labs of the Faculty of Automotive Engineering at WHZ is provided. The study built and proposed eight use cases of VR Labs in road traffic engineering training and education at WHZ. The limitations and barriers in deploying application cases are analyzed and suitable solutions are given. The adoption of virtual reality can be an easy transition based on BIM modeling software development, and 3D and 360 degrees scanning.
An extension of the VR Labs application for other areas of education at WHZ has been identified. In addition, technologies, areas of application, and future research directions are mentioned. Innovations such as 3D modeling and BIM-based workflows that are being encouraged through the development of content-created engines will provide students with opportunities for using VR/AR on road traffic and infrastructure projects in the future.
Conceptual design of load balanced streaming of multimedia data within shared web applications
(2011)
In this master's thesis it has been researched the possibility of a network of shared web applications in a server-supported (hybrid) peer-to-peer network where peers retransmit specified parts of the progressively download (streamed) multimedia data, with focus on economically bandwidth usage. A conceptual design of a real-world peer-to-peer video-on-demand service, controlled by a central server, was developed, including a payment procedure for commercial use. Different network overlay scenarios were proposed and their advantages and disadvantages were discussed. Bandwidth calculations have supported those predications. Algorithms for dynamically handling changes in the network structure were developed. Communication protocols were conceptualized accordant to the needs of the proposed shared applications. Methods for keeping the quality of experience high were discussed. A zipper mode, higher-level slice structure for the data was proposed, and enhanced to a multiple-stream system for sending and receiving data. Error and data loss handling procedures were designed.
China
(2019)
At first an indroduction is given to lidar, atmospheric basics, include scattering and absorption, and different experiments using lidar in space. Then it's shown how you can determine aerosol layers using LITE data. Two different kinds of Color Rations will analyzed on these aerosol layers. To calculate Color Rations it's necessary to calibrate the LITE data in the 352 nm and the 1064 nm wavelength. A calibration ratio is used, because of problems with the calabration in the 1064 nm channel.<br> The Attenued Totel Color Ration can be used to distinguish betweeen clouds and aerosols. This will be done for the Orbit 55 on single shot and averaged shot data, and for more averaged shot data in other Orbits. On the other hand the Particle Color Ratio, which is analyzed from the top of the layer with the Top Skimming Technique, can be used to find out what kind of particle is it.
THE CHINESE EXCHANGE RATE
(2011)
WHO estimates that 1.25 million people worldwide pass away in traffic accidents each year. Accidental damage to the economy costs USD 520 per year. Road traffic accidents account for 2.1% of all fatalities worldwide. In total, 50,000 people die in Europe each year. One of the most significant economic and social issues, traffic accidents result in thousands of fatalities and serious injuries each year in Germany and around the world. Whenever there is an accident involving vehicles, trucks, motorized two-wheelers, bicycles, or pedestrians that results in casualties or property damage, the questions of what caused the accident and how it could have been prevented naturally arises: whether it was due to human factors (e.g., carelessness, speeding, or drinking), vehicular flaw (e.g., faulty brakes, a faulty chassis, or old tires), road surface, poor visibility, and so on. The list of possible explanations is really long. The problem is to implement effective steps to prevent accidents from happening in the first place, regardless of what caused the mishap.
The German federal states of Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Brandenburg, Hessen, and cities of Hamburg, and Bremen are examined in this study's analysis of accidents. This study aims to (i) identify the human factors, environmental factors, and road/infrastructural factors that lead to human failures which cause road accidents, and (ii) explore ways of mitigating these accidents.
In the scope of this thesis a novel minimal invasive medical device was developed and manufactured. It is used to treat mitral regurgitation, which is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases. It prevents a perfect closure of the mitral leaflets and causes blood to flow back and cause different symptoms, from dyspnea to sometimes death. For this purpose, two versions of new treatment devices were developed that suture the Mitral valve leaflets together resulting in a better closure. Various state of the art Software and machines were used to design and manufacture the Prototypes. This thesis provides the basis of putting those devices onto the Market and to help physicians and patients with an easier treatment and faster recovery time.
In dieser Arbeit werden interkulturelle Konflikte zwischen Amerikanern und Chinesen im Unternehmensalltag untersucht. Ziel der Arbeit ist es herauszufinden welche Konfliktlösungsstile Chinesen im Konflikt anwenden.
Turbidity currents play a significant role within the global sediment cycle, and are important for environmental processes as well as the formation of hydrocarbon reservoirs. A special kind of turbidity currents are tubidity currents with reversing buoy- ancy. Hyperpycnal flows are one kind of turbidity currents with reversing buoyancy. There exist numerous experimental studies of these flows but no simulations. This thesis deals with reversing-buoyancy turbidity currents. The propagation of the flow front over time and the later lift-off are investigated on the basis of the results from Sparks et al. (1993). Furthermore the interaction of the current with obstacles is analyzed by means of the work from Stevenson & Peakall (2010). Hereby a closer look at deposit patterns caused by various obstacle positions and dimensions, is taken. Towards this end a highly parallel three-dimensional Navier-Stokes Direct Numerical Simulation code is used.
The here presented work is about the development of an atom pair descriptor based virtual screening system. In the beginning the fundamentals are explained which are the base of the following chapters. The chemical data file formats, the term descriptor as well as the enrichment factor and the process of benchmarking is discussed. In the main part the development of the virtual screening system is explained and afterwards the results on the bcr-abl kinase target protein are interpreted. For the development of the virtual screening system the realization of the atom pair descriptor, the different similarity methods and their selection is discussed. Also the clustering and the functio-nality of the virtual screening system are explained. Afterwards the results of the bcr-abl kinase screening are discussed and the functionality of the virtual screening system is evaluated. Finally a conclusion is given where set goals and achieved outcomes are compared and an outlook for possible future projects is presented.
Automotive transportation plays an important role in everyday urban life. The motorization is increasing along with rising population every year. The constant increase of cars causes various problems in big cities. One of the major problems is parking. Parking search traffic contributes to about 30% of the traffic volume in city centers. This leads to problems like congestion, road accidents, increase of fuel emission due to the circling of cars inside the city looking for parking facilities, environmental pollution etc. Most of the cities face this problem not because of the unavailability of parking spots in parking facilities but rather because drivers don't have the right information on where to park. This can be solved by providing proper guidance about the parking facilities to the drivers. For this, efficient parking space management including the design of a suitable parking guidance system is required. The Entsorgungs and Vekehrsbetrieb (EVB) Wismar has been responsible for the parking space management in the city since 2012 and is implementing the parking space concept in Wismar that was approved by the town council. So far, there is a static parking guidance system in Wismar, which consists of 20 locations with signs pointing to six parking facilities. The Entsorgungs und Vekehrsbetrieb (EVB) intends to replace the static parking guidance system of the Hanseatic City of Wismar with a dynamic parking guidance system (DPGS). The aim of my master thesis is to create a concept for the development of a dynamic parking guidance system in the Hanseatic city of Wismar, including the technical operation and possible implementation, taking autonomous driving into account.
Due to the current emission standards and the even more environmentally friendly vehicle developing. The ethanol level in the fuel has been increased more and more over the past few years. This is the reason why the manufactures must look out for while developing the engine management software.
To get a subjective point of view of what happens with this increase, a universal test procedure was established. A fully instrumented gasoline vehicle was tested with four test fuels. During testing the procedure had to be modified from the first seen data. That is why two Drive cycles had been generated.
After the evaluation of the collected data, the influence of ethanol on the cold start and warm up phase was shown. As a result, higher ethanol content in the fuel increased hesitation and negative effect of that component. Also, it became even more clear, that this test procedure should be used for more than just one vehicle. This would help with clarifying if this effect was caused by the ethanol alone or if the software or design of the engine had an influence on it.
Subject of the thesis is the development and testing of a laboratory setup for test measurements of acoustic neutrino detectors in ice environments. The preparation of clear ice was one major part of the thesis. Different sound sources, piezos and lasers, have been used as sound sources. The development of a directed sound source, basing on a parabolic reflector, is described in the thesis. Finally, the temperature behavior of acoutic neutrino detectors was investigated.
This thesis is about the significance of the Chinese construction industry on the Chinese "One Belt, One Road" initiative. The most important question discussed in this thesis are: What is "One Belt, One Road"? How does the domestic construction industry in China benefits from the New Silk Road? And, the Chinese interests behind "One Belt, One Road"?
Vitalpolitik
(2022)
Abstract: This chapter reconstructs the notion of ‘vital policy’ (Vitalpolitik), an approach to the social question whose first and strongest proponent amongst the Ordoliberals was Alexander Rüstow. It is opposed to traditional social policy as a top-down provision of material benefits (welfare). Instead, it aims at enabling those ‘conditions of life’ (Lebenslagen) that provide the prerequisites for human beings and their community to flourish. This humanistic approach attempts to complement the competitive processes in a market society and to provide access and equal opportunity to these processes, focusing on the notion of fair starting conditions for individuals. In its general thrust, Vitalpolitik is well compatible with more recent research programmes, especially the capability approach of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum.
With the help of the Laser-Speckle phenomenon different in-vivo diagnostic applications can be performed at the surfaces of different tissues such as the skin, the retinal skin and the cerebral cortex. In this study the Laser light scattering phenomenon is used to measure blood flow and hemoglobin concentration change. There are a lot of different approaches to perform these investigations for example with single-mode or multi-mode fibers. A comparison between the two illumination systems is presented together with an experimental setup. The results show that both of the approaches are feasible under specific conditions. Both fiber illumination systems have their advantages and limitations in fulfilling different tasks. The two approaches are tested and evaluated to propose specific applications for every illumination system. With these results future uses of the proposed methods are encouraged.
In the surgery of the pituitary gland and other related areas of the skull base, the endoscopic endonasal surgery has established oneself as today's operation method. Although the surgeon is able to look around corners with the aid of an endoscope, the dissection in these areas is limited. Current suction devices are limited in their size, shape, bending and prone to kinking because of the narrow suction channel. The work with such inadequate instruments increase the risk of life-threatening complications, prolong the operation and limit the quality of a complete tumor resection. The ideal suction device would be adaptable to numerous surgery situations, easy to bend, maintain its lumen, adequate in their ratio of rigidity and formability, ergonomic and reformable to its original shape. In the following bachelor thesis, it is shown that this can be achieved with a suction device with shape memory alloy. After the development of a comfortable hand sample, the suction device went into preparation and a risk analysis was performed. The results of the evaluation process are reductions in operative risk, time and cost if this bendable suction device would be applied. Therefore, approval for the international market should be sought, to provide an opportunity for safer and more effective surgical procedures.
Analysis of Traffic Management using Microscopic Simulation and Markov chain Modeling in Hyderabad
(2022)
Many developing countries around the world have been affected by globalization. India is one of the countries that has gained the most benefits. Hyderabad is the capital of the Indian state of Telangana. Because of population growth and the migration of people from rural to urban areas, traffic in Hyderabad is rapidly expanding. With commercial enterprise quarters, purchasing departmental stores, schools, and hospitals, Hyderabad has evolved into a financial hub. As a result, the number of people who own and use automobiles is increasing. Traffic congestion and regular traffic jams have become widespread in central areas, as they have traffic gridlocks on major corridors. The majority of the city’s transportation needs are currently met by bus transit (42 percent), the Multimodal Transport System (MMTS) based on the rail (1.5 percent), vehicles with three and seven seats (8 percent), and two and four-wheeled private automobiles (48.5 percent). Hyderabad is located at a crossroads of three national highways that connect it to six other states. The primary purpose of this article is to understand the city’s existing traffic challenges, find solutions that have been effectively adopted in established cities, and discuss the many projects and actions undertaken by local authorities to manage traffic congestion issues.
Traffic congestion can occur in any mode of transportation, but we focused on traffic congestion on the road network caused by vehicles. Lower velocity, lengthier travels, and car queuing for an extended period are some of the characteristics that distinguish street networks. In this paper, the causes of traffic congestion are identified, including illegal parking, traffic rules, seasonal factors, pavement failures, encroaching on footpaths, the passage of heavy goods vehicles on narrow roads, accidents, and incorrect lane management, as well as remedial measures to reduce congestion at the study location of Hyderabad.
Speech-controlled Home Shopping in Virtual Reality (Investigation and Prototypical Realization)
(2019)
In order to discover and to identify possible improvements in the interaction between humans
and computers, research in speech recognition in combination with virtual reality provides
an opportunity to learn about scientific fields such as human-computer interaction. For the aim
of reaching a new level of interactivity between users and systems, the research in virtual reality
contributes to several innovative ideas for researchers to discover inventive features. The idea
beyond prototyping speech controlled home shopping in virtual reality is to overcome some
technical limitations in virtual reality and to serve direct interaction between the user and the
virtual reality environment through speech commands.
BIM (Building information modeling) is becoming a reliable method for the planning, design, implementation, and maintenance stages of construction projects due to its ability to improve the quality of project stages, reduce project time, and ensure costs. From 2000 onwards, the trend of using BIM method increased in the world. And in the last decade, many developed countries have introduced BIM as a reasonable and efficient method with the aim of optimizing project stages, and many employers have paid attention to training and persuading consulting and contracting companies.
In the meantime, the BIM method is constantly being updated. Many researchers are looking to modify existing sub-methods to help the project achieve all of the great BIM goals.
Although BIM has great goals such as those mentioned, in some cases, projects are not able to achieve all of them for various reasons.
This thesis has put its hypothesis on the existence of deficiencies in the content of the EIR (Employer's Information Requirements) document and its writing methods.
This document, which is a kind of project guide in BIM format, is compiled by the client and its task is to announce the needs of the client to the members involved in the project and to clarify the different stages of the project. In many construction projects, due to the complexity of the EIR, the employer's lack of attention to some information, or the failure to include the opinions and views of the project's stakeholders in the writing of this document, the EIR cannot fulfill its key role with its maximum potential performance in the project.
This thesis is written with the aim of finding a comprehensive solution to maximize the power of the BIM method in a project through correct and complete document writing.
Also, this thesis seeks to prove its claims by focusing on the ABS 38 project as a case study. In addition, a literature review on important and key issues in the field of BIM and EIR documents has been done. After that, a scoring system (Relative rating method) was used to find the best variant and compare it to prove the proposed hypothesis.
Unnoticed by many, a congenital cardiac anomaly is in existence, which can be found in over a quarter of the total population. It is associated with the occurrence of strokes, migraine with and without an aura and feelings of faintness.This refers to the atrial septal defect (ASD) or one of its forms, the patent foramen ovale (PFO). Eventhough this illness, depended on the manifestation, can remain without any symptoms, it should still be considered to treat the condition, to prevent possible complications in a higher age. In recent years, based on several studies, a closure of ASDs and PFOs has been established as the preferred approach and is therefore increasingly replacing the medicinal treatment. In the context of this Master
Radiation measurements have been employed in research for close to a century and over the last years a growing interest for application in workshops has developed. However, some problems of standardization mainly pertaining to room acoustics arise, which make measurement results comparable only to those conducted under the same circumstances. Our aim is to modify measurement procedure and rig design in such a way, that comparable results can be attained even in acoustically non-ideal spaces. A specialized rig for violin radiation measurements was constructed leaning on partial automation to allow for the application of thick curtains as a means of decoupling measurements from the surrounding room. Trial runs in an acoustically challenging space - our living room - as well as in a small studio environment were conducted.
Improvements of measurement results were obtained for frequencies above 800 Hz, measurements were influenced significantly by the surrounding room below that threshold. As a result, calculated features were heavily skewed by the environment, rendering obtained data useless for statistical purposes. Therefore additional measurements of six instruments were performed in a small studio environment and features as defined in the literature calculated. Correlations with listening test results concerning the evenness of sound as well as structural instrument parameters were obtained. Listening test results were inconclusive, which is proposed to be attributed to the narrow range of instrument quality available for trials. Some interesting correlations of measurement features with structural parameters could be obtained and further vetted through the comparison with a second set of data. Three correlations were found which were significant or approaching significance in both groups, giving a more complete connection from instrument making to sound perception. Furthermore we have found some interesting correlations of structural parameters, giving insights into maker decisions and corroborating some workshop wisdoms.
Finite element Analysis is a powerful tool that enables a thorough examination of the physical and mechanical aspects of various objects, yielding insights that would otherwise be difficult to obtain. In the context of the guitar industry, this technology can be used to determine the role of internal bracing structures with a high degree of precision. Specifically, FEM is commonly utilized to analyze the natural vibration frequency of guitars and to gain a better understanding of their vibrational behaviour. Although there are many sources that describe the impact of braces on the natural frequencies of guitar tops, there exists a paucity of research that delves into how these structures achieve their effects.
The purpose of this paper is to employ FEM to examine the effect of braces on the soundboard and to contrast the results with those obtained from an actual soundboard fabricated by the author. Through simulation, we aim to elucidate the influence of various factors such as position, height, and profile on the soundboard's performance. However, it is important to note that there may be discrepancies between the simulation results and the actual performance of the soundboard owing to measurement errors and constraints associated with manual production. As a result, the data generated by this study should not be regarded as reference data.
This thesis presents a case study conducted at the Potsdamer Platz intersection in Berlin, focusing on the effects of transitioning from fixed phase control to Vehicle Actuated Signal Control (VA). The objective is to optimize the signal control system to improve traffic flow and reduce waiting times for motorists. Traffic data from the Berlin authority is analyzed, and various stage sequences are developed using the signal planning tool LISA+ and simulated using VISSIM microsimulation. The impact of the proposed vehicle-actuated signal control system on overall traffic performance is evaluated by comparing the Level of Service (LOS) with the existing fixed-time plan. The analysis reveals the limitations of the proposed approach and identifies areas for further improvement in control systems. Results indicate that the VA system shows comparable effectiveness to the current scenario only at lower volume, with room for enhancement. By considering two variations of the signal group from the current sequence, valuable insights are gained into the effects of the proposed changes. The results contribute to the development of optimized signal control strategies, aiming to create safer and more efficient traffic environments at urban intersections.
The aim of this work is the analysis of characteristic properties of fuel jets in internal combustion engines for steady and transient spray velocities by means of CFD. The simulations were done using DNS. The used software is Gerris. Calculations with different Reynolds numbers, Weber numbers and density ratios were done. The adaptations of an already existing simulation file included the implementation of necessary output capabilities. The analysis of obtained data was done by previously created macros. The obtained non-dimensional results give information on penetration, number of droplets, SMD and droplets size distribution. One calculation was compared to experimental data.
Qualification of tool to tool matching of a color image inspection system for wafer backsides
(2010)
This diploma thesis deals with the qualification of the color image inspection of a wafer backside inspection system as a means of defect detection. Currently, the color image is used to provide a quick overview and visual impression of the wafer backside. The goal of the diploma thesis is to qualify the color image inspection to comply with all requirements of tool to tool matching. As a given standard, the existing hardware design of the wafer backside inspection system can not be altered and has to be used in its current state. Potential causes of uncertainty introduced by this hardware design will be accounted for. The main focus of the diploma thesis will be the investigation of the three main factors influencing the color image inspection. These factors are the detected intensity, the contrast and the image sharpness. Their adjustability, repeatability, reproducibility and effect on the tool to tool matching are going to be quantified, necessary improvements will be formulated and the implementation of these improvements is going to be tested. Additionally, new and existing software factors influencing defect detection will be investigated with regard to their effect on the tool to tool matching. Lastly, based on the findings of the diploma thesis, a series of suggestions will be formulated. They will help to plan additional qualification steps, if necessary, and provide the basis for composing a guideline to achieve tool to tool matching for all systems in the field.
This work analyzes and evaluates different approaches to translate UML state machines into C++ code. The first part of this thesis covers the ground of transforming information of a source language to a target language. It addresses the basics of language theory and different approaches of language transformation. The second part examines the properties and formalisms of state machines to value their characteristics for further reuse in the development cycle. The third part disassembles the programming language C++ with all its quirks and oddities. The last part puts all mentioned pieces together. Beyond this approach the thesis tries to point out several concepts of language engineering to ease the use of software languages for the language user as well as the language engineer. It scrutinizes diverging solutions with the resulting consequences.
The increasing impact of Internal combustion engines on the environment have led to some stringent rules over the automotive industry, which have forced them to have a deeper investigation into the components of the engine.Friction, oil consumption and blow-by are the major concern of the automotive industry and all of this happens at the Piston-ring pack assembly. So, through this work using 3D CFD software Star CCM+, the better understanding of the fluid mechanics in the Piston-ring pack is addressed, which could be helpful for the broad range of R&D and can also provide base for the further CFD research. A two-dimensional geometric section of the Piston-ring pack has been selected of the Gasoline engine having the operating condition of full load. The 2D Piston-ring pack has been modelled with the transient condition of Pressure and Temperature over the cycle. Dynamic mesh has been created for the kinematics and dynamics of the Piston and rings. Gas flow and oil flow in the Piston-ring pack was analysed with the dependent parameters like absolute pressure for 3 cycles, which was also compared with available MBS (Multi-body Simulation) results, Mass flow rate. Based on that, the flow pattern of the gas and oil was captured with different transport mechanism i.e. reverse flow, inertia force, squeezing, pumping. Hydrodynamic friction power loss was also studied between ring-liner gap due to shear stress in lubricating oil and the results was compared with MBS results. The resultant axial and radial force acting on the rings was also calculated and compared for all the 3 cycles. This work is the comprehensive investigation of the Piston-ring pack (2D-model) for all the important mechanism could take place in the Piston-ring pack. It constitutes a major step in understanding oil and gas dynamics in the Piston-ring pack.
Optimierung der logistischen Kette bei ElectroMagnetic GeoServices (emgs) - Analyse der wirtschaftlichen Effizienz bei Versendung und Lagerung von Ersatzteilen in Asien vor der Bedarfsentstehung
Traffic signal priority for Public Transit vehicle is considered as an effective strategy to reduce the delay times and increase service reliability. This strategy is implemented to stop the vicious cycle of traffic congestion due to excess utilization of private vehicle. Though this is an attractive alternative for a private vehicle, this strategy can be implemented without opting for any new transportation infrastructure. On doing so the concern towards sustainable mobility solutions is also addressed. Therefore, prioritizing public transport is the best possible way to adapt to the increasing mobility demands in urban areas. Along with the technological advancements, these priority strategies are also being developed.
With these advancements in priority strategies, more research towards Estimated Time of Arrival of transit vehicles a key parameter in Transit signal priority has been observed. One such new traffic signal priority is with C-ITS message profiles CAM and SREM. Though this advanced priority method is considered to outperform the existing traffic signal priority strategies, how much better they can perform is not yet determined. This thesis focuses on this aspect by comparing the existing Transit signal priority method with the advanced CAM and SREM Transit signal priority, in four different scenarios. Signal Control tool LISA and Simulation tool VISSIM are used for the whole design and evaluation process. Delay time, waiting time,and average speed evaluation parameters are considered for comparing and determining the performance of two Transit Signal priority methods.
The world of engineering has changed significantly over the last years. Increased time to market, cost and produce variety constraints lead, next to the introduction of new engineering technologies and tools, to the implementation of new engineering processes, such as Simultaneous Engineering. The Rover Group started with the implementation of Simultaneous Engineering Principles within their development departments at the beginning of the 90's. The requirements towards the realisation of Simultaneous Engineering within their development projects changed when the Rover Group started working and developing products with BMW in 1994. Within this Diploma the intake manifold development process for the NG4 engine, the first joint developed combustion engine between the Powertrain sections of BMW and Rover, will be analysed. The basis for the analysed. The basis for the analysis of the Simultaneous Engineering Process are SE-Principles, based on literature research, which will be estimated on their degree of realisation within the development process. In the final part of the Diploma some recommendations regarding the creation of future Powertrain Engineering processes are given, in particular, focus on the improvement of the international co-operation between the development departments of BMW and Rover Group. It is to note, a lot of basic project information used for the analysis and recommendation within this Diploma are based on UK development sources. Not all statements given within this Diploma might be valid for the Munich based BMW departments or the manufacturing section. <!-- #h:dissdiplDevelopment.doc# -->
This paper describes a project developed to establish strategies to minimize stigmatisation and discrimination related to tuberculosis (TB). The fact that one-third of the worlds\' population is infected by TB supported the need for this project. Stigmatization towards infected people doubles the huge burden of the disease. Strong negative consequences, such as economic, social and psychological impact on individuals\' lives are well documented. Stigma prevents patients from seeking health care attention and prohibits providers from delivering effective treatment and high quality care. To understand the context of TB stigmatisation, a global survey was implemented to collect expert views on the main causes, consequences and methods to reduce TB related stigma. Survey findings influenced the development of strategies to minimize TB related stigma and discrimination, and have been integrated into an information and action toolkit developed for nurses around the world. The toolkit, titled - TB and Stigma: A Double Burden -, will be published by the International Council of Nurses in late 2005. Key methods will be available in the - Global TB/MDR-TB Resource Centre - at the following web link: http://www.icn.ch/tb/index.html