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The world of engineering has changed significantly over the last years. Increased time to market, cost and produce variety constraints lead, next to the introduction of new engineering technologies and tools, to the implementation of new engineering processes, such as Simultaneous Engineering. The Rover Group started with the implementation of Simultaneous Engineering Principles within their development departments at the beginning of the 90's. The requirements towards the realisation of Simultaneous Engineering within their development projects changed when the Rover Group started working and developing products with BMW in 1994. Within this Diploma the intake manifold development process for the NG4 engine, the first joint developed combustion engine between the Powertrain sections of BMW and Rover, will be analysed. The basis for the analysed. The basis for the analysis of the Simultaneous Engineering Process are SE-Principles, based on literature research, which will be estimated on their degree of realisation within the development process. In the final part of the Diploma some recommendations regarding the creation of future Powertrain Engineering processes are given, in particular, focus on the improvement of the international co-operation between the development departments of BMW and Rover Group. It is to note, a lot of basic project information used for the analysis and recommendation within this Diploma are based on UK development sources. Not all statements given within this Diploma might be valid for the Munich based BMW departments or the manufacturing section. <!-- #h:dissdiplDevelopment.doc# -->
At first an indroduction is given to lidar, atmospheric basics, include scattering and absorption, and different experiments using lidar in space. Then it's shown how you can determine aerosol layers using LITE data. Two different kinds of Color Rations will analyzed on these aerosol layers. To calculate Color Rations it's necessary to calibrate the LITE data in the 352 nm and the 1064 nm wavelength. A calibration ratio is used, because of problems with the calabration in the 1064 nm channel.<br> The Attenued Totel Color Ration can be used to distinguish betweeen clouds and aerosols. This will be done for the Orbit 55 on single shot and averaged shot data, and for more averaged shot data in other Orbits. On the other hand the Particle Color Ratio, which is analyzed from the top of the layer with the Top Skimming Technique, can be used to find out what kind of particle is it.
The role accomlished by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules in initiating and regulating immune respouses, binding short pepticles and displaying them on the cell surface for recoguition by Tiell receptors, is of the atmost importance in immunlogogy. However, only a subset of peptider is capable of binding to any particular MHC molecule. The study was undertaken to rationalize MHC/ peptide interactions in terms of molecular structural requirements for the prediction of class I MHC buding peptides. Prediction of buding activities by means of computational methods can minimize experimental assays, and lead to the development of vaceines and immune-therapeutie drugs.
was ist HIV/AIDS? Wie ist HIV/AIDS verbreitet in der Welt? HIV/AIDS in Tanzania: heute und in Zukunft Auswirkungen von AIDS auf Struktur und Zusammensetzung der Arbeitskräfte in Tanzania -> ableitend davon Auswirkungen auf betriebe, auf die Wirtschaftallgemein, auf verschiedene Wirtschaftszweige -> außerdem inwieweit AIDS den einzelnen Haushalt betrifft, insbesondere Frauen Zusammenspiel von Armut und AIDS
Diese empirische Diplomarbeit in englischer Sprache wirft einen Blick auf den Status Quo des Estnischen HIV/AIDS Präventionssystems und entwirft Hypothesen und Vorschläge, dessen Wirkung zu verbessern. Die Grundlage bilden qualitative Interviews mit Schlüsselpersonen, welche die Phänomene Konsens, Kooperation und Kapazitätenschaffung sowie deren Bedeutung für die Estnische HIV/AIDS Prävention untersuchen. Bei diesen Phänomenen handelt es sich um wichtige und bisher unbestimmte Problemfelder, welche zum Teil den Widerspruch zwischen einer erfolgreichen politischen und ökonomischen Transition Estlands und der hohen HIV Prävalenzrate erklären. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit beziehen sich auf das existierende Qualitätsmanagement von NGOs, die horizontale Kooperation von NGOs und die vertikale Kooperation von Staat und NGOs. Darüber hinaus wird der Aspekt der Führung sowie das Estnische Präventionsprogramm aus Mitteln des Globalen Found zur Bekämpfung von AIDS, Tuberkulose und Malaria betrachtet.
This paper describes a project developed to establish strategies to minimize stigmatisation and discrimination related to tuberculosis (TB). The fact that one-third of the worlds\' population is infected by TB supported the need for this project. Stigmatization towards infected people doubles the huge burden of the disease. Strong negative consequences, such as economic, social and psychological impact on individuals\' lives are well documented. Stigma prevents patients from seeking health care attention and prohibits providers from delivering effective treatment and high quality care. To understand the context of TB stigmatisation, a global survey was implemented to collect expert views on the main causes, consequences and methods to reduce TB related stigma. Survey findings influenced the development of strategies to minimize TB related stigma and discrimination, and have been integrated into an information and action toolkit developed for nurses around the world. The toolkit, titled - TB and Stigma: A Double Burden -, will be published by the International Council of Nurses in late 2005. Key methods will be available in the - Global TB/MDR-TB Resource Centre - at the following web link: http://www.icn.ch/tb/index.html
Subject of the thesis is the development and testing of a laboratory setup for test measurements of acoustic neutrino detectors in ice environments. The preparation of clear ice was one major part of the thesis. Different sound sources, piezos and lasers, have been used as sound sources. The development of a directed sound source, basing on a parabolic reflector, is described in the thesis. Finally, the temperature behavior of acoutic neutrino detectors was investigated.
The objective of this work is to provide some useful tools to foreign investors intentioned to make business in Turkey, giving a general overview of the country. Political, economic, social as well as environmental characteristics are described in order to give a global point of view on this emerging market. Besides, four selected industrial sectors are analyzed and possible business opportunities for each sector have been indicated. In this sense, some considerations on the potentialities of Turkish market are given on the basis of two chances and risks profiles, one in the case that Turkey will become a full member of the European Union and the other in the case that it will maintain the actual status of simply associated partner.
Developing of a marketing-mix for Duerr Ecoclean for the modified Spray Cleaning Machine "Jeto 84W". Duerr Ecoclean already established its business within the Chinese Automotive Industry and is now trying to touch the Chinese Component Industry. Therefore, they are looking for a suitable strategy to enter this market. The thesis included an analysis of the market environment, customer base, and competitor structure to develop a fitting marketing-mix to implement the Spray Cleaning Machine "Jeto 84W".
Die Diplomarbeit umfasst die Analyse der für den Prüfstand notwendigen Geräte, den Aufbau des Prüfstandes und die Programmierung von kundenspezifischen Applikationen mittels LabVIEW.
The aim of this Diploma Thesis is the adjustment and optimization of an existing turbocharged diesel engine on the much promising HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) Combustion Technique in base on adapted piston geometries and injecting strategies. This adjustment is focused on the simulation of the complete engine, while suitable simulation programs for the different subsystems of the engine. On base of the 1-D simulation routine AMESim (Imagine) the Injector of the Common Rail System, and thus the injecting behaviour is simulated. Afterwards the results are used in the 3-D CFD program FIRE (AVL), in order to represent a Single Cylinder Engine of the overall system. The Conclusion forms the simulation of the overall diesel engine on the base of the simulation routine BOOST (AVL).
Experimental and theoretical investigation of mechanical stresses in Through-Silicon-Vias (TSV)
(2007)
In the work an experimental and theoretical investigation of the influence on the wafer bending of Through-Silicon-Vias (TSV) and their processing is presented. In a first step the influence of the anisotropic material properties of silicon and the thicknesses of an oxide hard mask and a tungsten film were analyzed at room temperature and as a function of the temperature up to 500 °C. For this purpose, the wafer bow was determined experimentally. In a second step, the analysis was extended to structured wafers. Wafers with Through-Silicon-Vias were etched and coated subsequently with several films. The wafer bow at room temperature was monitored stepwise. The theoretical analysis of bow and stress was done by using the Finite-Element-Program ANSYS. Models for unstructured wafers with various films were developed and the results compared with the experimental bow. For structured wafers, a model of a single via was generated; local deformations, stresses and the stress distribution were determined. To attempt the simulation of fully structured wafers, an effective medium model was developed as first step approximation.
Optimierung der logistischen Kette bei ElectroMagnetic GeoServices (emgs) - Analyse der wirtschaftlichen Effizienz bei Versendung und Lagerung von Ersatzteilen in Asien vor der Bedarfsentstehung
With the introduction of more and more stringent exhaust emission limitations for diesel engines by the legislation, engine and vehicle manufactures looking for solutions to meet this legislation limits with minimal hardware changes. In the present study experiments were performed to find possible solutions to meet TIER-4a emission limits without using a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF). Two similar medium duty diesel engines were chosen to demonstrate this only by changing the fuel injection hardware and calibration. The study was divided into an investigation of the benefit of higher injection pressures while the second part concentrated on the investigation of multiple injection effects. It was found that with the use of high injection pressures from 1800 bar upwards together with high exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates the targets can be fulfilled with a single injection. This test was performed at the rated speed 100% load point. The multiple injection experiments demonstrated that the use of an early large pilot injection together with an close post injection can reduce the NOx and smoke emissions efficiently. It was found that with this injection strategy the TIER-4a emission targets can be achieved with a railpressure of only 1300 bar and lower EGR rate of 15% at a mid speed 75% load point (mode-6). The set of experiments also included a investigation into another efficient possibility to achieve TIER-4a emission standards with the use of a DPF but without the use of an EGR system. It was found that with the use of an early pilot injection and a retarded main injection timing it is possible to reduce the NOx formation to achieve the 3 g/kWh NOx limit.
In the present work of thesis, exhaust gas temperature transients of different diesel electric hybrid configurations equipped to a mid-size European passenger car were evaluated through numerical simulation. Different degrees of hybridization, from micro to mild hybrids, based on General Motors BAS powertrain architecture, enabling different hybridization strategies, were taken into account in order to obtain a preliminary assessment of the impact of micro and mild hybridization on the exhaust aftertreatment system's efficiency over the regulated New European Driving Cycle. Thereto, the simulation software GT-SUITE featuring an one dimensional code was used to build a model of the reference vehicle with conventional powertrain, to which the corresponding BAS configurations were later equipped. The simulated exhaust gas temperature transients were then compared and evaluated.
The thesis explains the economic and political motivation of China's drive towards Africa, the political framework for this and the approach to the African continent via trade, investment and aid. The Sino-African cooperation is exemplified by the countries Angola, Sudan, Zimbabwe, Nigeria, Kenya and South Africa. Finally several points of criticism and the perceptions of the Western world towards China's engagement with Africa will be examined.
Qualification of tool to tool matching of a color image inspection system for wafer backsides
(2010)
This diploma thesis deals with the qualification of the color image inspection of a wafer backside inspection system as a means of defect detection. Currently, the color image is used to provide a quick overview and visual impression of the wafer backside. The goal of the diploma thesis is to qualify the color image inspection to comply with all requirements of tool to tool matching. As a given standard, the existing hardware design of the wafer backside inspection system can not be altered and has to be used in its current state. Potential causes of uncertainty introduced by this hardware design will be accounted for. The main focus of the diploma thesis will be the investigation of the three main factors influencing the color image inspection. These factors are the detected intensity, the contrast and the image sharpness. Their adjustability, repeatability, reproducibility and effect on the tool to tool matching are going to be quantified, necessary improvements will be formulated and the implementation of these improvements is going to be tested. Additionally, new and existing software factors influencing defect detection will be investigated with regard to their effect on the tool to tool matching. Lastly, based on the findings of the diploma thesis, a series of suggestions will be formulated. They will help to plan additional qualification steps, if necessary, and provide the basis for composing a guideline to achieve tool to tool matching for all systems in the field.
Cloud Computing has had an impact on the computer science in recent years. Instead of the traditional way, where the using and providing of hardware resources and software are inflexible, Cloud Computing represents a pool of scalable, on-demand and easily available Cloud Services. These are differentiated by infrastructure, platform or software and are provided by a Cloud Service provider. An example of a service provider is a business software provider. Due to this of business software customers are increasingly are interested in a shift to Cloud Computing. Customers want to appreciate the advantages of Cloud Computing, such as the reduction of business expenditures generally or make business more flexible. This Bachelor Thesis analyses Cloud Computing's possibilities and advantages, especially Cloud Services, to forming the basis of expanding business software providers' product portfolio. The analyses results the concept for providing existing software components as a Cloud Service, without radically altering component configuration. This is used by a number of actors types and points out the advantage of using Cloud Services in different ways. Finally, a prototype implementation analysis the technical feasibility of the concept and represents a basis for conclusion and outlook
The here presented work is about the development of an atom pair descriptor based virtual screening system. In the beginning the fundamentals are explained which are the base of the following chapters. The chemical data file formats, the term descriptor as well as the enrichment factor and the process of benchmarking is discussed. In the main part the development of the virtual screening system is explained and afterwards the results on the bcr-abl kinase target protein are interpreted. For the development of the virtual screening system the realization of the atom pair descriptor, the different similarity methods and their selection is discussed. Also the clustering and the functio-nality of the virtual screening system are explained. Afterwards the results of the bcr-abl kinase screening are discussed and the functionality of the virtual screening system is evaluated. Finally a conclusion is given where set goals and achieved outcomes are compared and an outlook for possible future projects is presented.
Integrating Message-Based Load Distribution for Asynchronous Processes in an Enterprise Application
(2011)
With the ever-growing need for more scalable and fault-tolerant enterprise-level intranet and extranet solutions, application vendors are trying to prepare their products for multiple-machine environments. Apart from the traditional clustering approach of balancing and distributing user requests equally over several nodes, applications can be designed to handle greater loads by allowing designated background processes to run independently and be scaled separately from the main business logic and client request handling processes. Liferay Portal, a web-based enterprise-level portal and CMS solution developed by the company of the same name, already offers support for modeling a multi-node setup by utilizing well-known clustering paradigms in the manner of search index replication or cache invalidation as well as taking the application server's session replication mechanisms into account. Its upcoming release, however, will introduce long-running, CPU-bound features like creating document previews and encoding video or audio files , which will intensify the need for a concept that allows for queuing and equally distributing processor time
Conceptual design of load balanced streaming of multimedia data within shared web applications
(2011)
In this master's thesis it has been researched the possibility of a network of shared web applications in a server-supported (hybrid) peer-to-peer network where peers retransmit specified parts of the progressively download (streamed) multimedia data, with focus on economically bandwidth usage. A conceptual design of a real-world peer-to-peer video-on-demand service, controlled by a central server, was developed, including a payment procedure for commercial use. Different network overlay scenarios were proposed and their advantages and disadvantages were discussed. Bandwidth calculations have supported those predications. Algorithms for dynamically handling changes in the network structure were developed. Communication protocols were conceptualized accordant to the needs of the proposed shared applications. Methods for keeping the quality of experience high were discussed. A zipper mode, higher-level slice structure for the data was proposed, and enhanced to a multiple-stream system for sending and receiving data. Error and data loss handling procedures were designed.
With the launch of a new vehicle model Rolls-Royce Motorcars had to face a dramatic volume increase from 300% more cars being build in existing structure and facilities in the Test and Finish Area. This massive volume increase required a revisiting of the process flow of cars through this Test and Finish Area to show optimisation potential and possible improvements to work packages and sequence of operation. Furthermore it will be necessary to implement those improvements to cope increased future throughput targets. To find optimisation and improvement potentials it was essential to analyse the entire area. In doing so every single station and work package was analysed. In addition to this a simulation model was used to confirm the highlighted problems and bottlenecks. Furthermore it was possible to investigate the influence of certain measures. In a following step it was the aim to show a way how a permanent and stable vehicle flow is achievable. According to that an action plan was developed, which shows clear measures to cope not only future but also the current production volume. In doing so it was possible to gain a transparency into the processes. Furthermore the process flow was optimised into a pull strategy to improve respectively implement a takt adherence.
THE CHINESE EXCHANGE RATE
(2011)
The aim of this work is the analysis of characteristic properties of fuel jets in internal combustion engines for steady and transient spray velocities by means of CFD. The simulations were done using DNS. The used software is Gerris. Calculations with different Reynolds numbers, Weber numbers and density ratios were done. The adaptations of an already existing simulation file included the implementation of necessary output capabilities. The analysis of obtained data was done by previously created macros. The obtained non-dimensional results give information on penetration, number of droplets, SMD and droplets size distribution. One calculation was compared to experimental data.
The objective of this document is to design a connection between the devices of the two technologies SunSpec and Smart Energy 2.0 without the establishment of security backdoors. Smart Energy 2.0 devices should be able to gather data from SunSpec devices and modify writable registers for controlling purposes. Among other alternatives, the gateway proves itself as the most realistic and reasonable option and is chosen for further investigations. The connectivity requirements for such a device are analysed and mentioned. Interoperability between both networks is the core function of the gateway and established by the development of a Smart Energy 2.0 function set that implements the ability to represent SunSpec devices as resources in the Smart Energy 2.0 network. The gateway utilizes existing and introduces new mechanisms that maintain the high standard of security in Smart Energy 2.0 without any drawbacks. The document shows fundamental architectural approach and generally explains the functional and security mechanisms, but does not describe a complete gateway implementation.
As one of the key technologies involved in communication networks, all-optical switching has witnessed many research efforts during the last decade. This work presents a detailed investigation of the properties and attractive interaction of spatial solitons in nematic liquid crystals for all-optical switching devices. This includes a description of basic properties such as their multimode behavior, as well as their power dependent interactions and signal steering. Furthermore, the temporal performance of an all-optical switching setup is analyzed and discussed. Thanks to their long-range, phase and wavelength independent interactions at milliwatts powers, and despite their slow response time in switching applications, nematicons proved to be an extremely promising testbed for soliton-based devices, including signal waveguides and power-dependent spatial steering devices.
Ferroelectric doped hafnium oxide might be able to revive the ferroelectric memory as a candidate for future non-volatile memories. Recent publications have reported ferroelectricity in HfO2 films deposited via physical vapor deposition (PVD) and thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD). Within this thesis, such layers have been fabricated by a plasma enhanced ALD process for the first time. Using an O2 remote plasma to oxidize TEMAHf and TMAl, respectively, Al:HfO2 stacks with different compositions have been deposited. Sputter deposited TiN was used as bottom and top electrode to form metal-insulator-metal capacitors. Compared to the PVD or thermal ALD films reported in literature, the plasma enhanced ALD films exhibited one to two orders higher leakage current at 1 V. The root of this higher leakage are oxygen vacancies as well as carbon and nitrogen impurities in the range of several at%. Despite the consequential perturbing effects, the main trends reported earlier are discernable. Just these perturbing effects turn out to substantiate the current explanation of a ferroelectric phase as route source for the observed electrical behavior.
The People's Republic of China has had the aim of a (socialist) market economy since 1976. Nevertheless, it is still under dictatorial control. In this paper it is analysed if the Chinese political system is compatible with a market economy and in which way the classification of a socialist market economy is justified. Finally, an explanation why the term sino-capitalism fits for the Chinese economic system best will be given.
Turbidity currents play a significant role within the global sediment cycle, and are important for environmental processes as well as the formation of hydrocarbon reservoirs. A special kind of turbidity currents are tubidity currents with reversing buoy- ancy. Hyperpycnal flows are one kind of turbidity currents with reversing buoyancy. There exist numerous experimental studies of these flows but no simulations. This thesis deals with reversing-buoyancy turbidity currents. The propagation of the flow front over time and the later lift-off are investigated on the basis of the results from Sparks et al. (1993). Furthermore the interaction of the current with obstacles is analyzed by means of the work from Stevenson & Peakall (2010). Hereby a closer look at deposit patterns caused by various obstacle positions and dimensions, is taken. Towards this end a highly parallel three-dimensional Navier-Stokes Direct Numerical Simulation code is used.
This work analyzes and evaluates different approaches to translate UML state machines into C++ code. The first part of this thesis covers the ground of transforming information of a source language to a target language. It addresses the basics of language theory and different approaches of language transformation. The second part examines the properties and formalisms of state machines to value their characteristics for further reuse in the development cycle. The third part disassembles the programming language C++ with all its quirks and oddities. The last part puts all mentioned pieces together. Beyond this approach the thesis tries to point out several concepts of language engineering to ease the use of software languages for the language user as well as the language engineer. It scrutinizes diverging solutions with the resulting consequences.
With the help of the Laser-Speckle phenomenon different in-vivo diagnostic applications can be performed at the surfaces of different tissues such as the skin, the retinal skin and the cerebral cortex. In this study the Laser light scattering phenomenon is used to measure blood flow and hemoglobin concentration change. There are a lot of different approaches to perform these investigations for example with single-mode or multi-mode fibers. A comparison between the two illumination systems is presented together with an experimental setup. The results show that both of the approaches are feasible under specific conditions. Both fiber illumination systems have their advantages and limitations in fulfilling different tasks. The two approaches are tested and evaluated to propose specific applications for every illumination system. With these results future uses of the proposed methods are encouraged.
China has become one of the largest economies world wide. While China itself used to receive huge amounts of FDI or aid from developed countries, it is now in the position to support less developed coutries. Cambodia is an example for such an LDC which is strongly supported through development aid and investments from China. This thesis analyses the unique advantages this country is offering to China. In addition, this thesis is trying to evaluate whether both participating countries equally benefit from this partnership.
The title of this thesis is the development of a Standardized Process Controlling and a method for the measurement of plant flexibility using the example of the Automotive Aftermarket (AA) division of the Robert Bosch GmbH. Developing the Standardized Process Controlling based on literature review and an analysis of existing procedures at the company. The approach consists of an instruction for process development and a reporting tool to control it after implementation. It is tested on three already existing processes as well as on the development of the Plant Flexibility process; establishing the Plant Flexibility measurement on the four aspects of line, volume, time and personnel capacity flexibility. In the application of the Standardized Process Controlling identified problems are used to improve and finalize the approach. As a result an easier implementation of processes as well as an evaluation of their current performance is possible.
Within the bachelor thesis a strategic analysis of the Gulf States and the digital sector was made for the full-service provider T-Systems Multimedia Solutions GmbH, to show new growth opportunities for international business outside the European market and help them deciding whether or not the market approach would be advisable. An observation of the environment of the region of the Gulf States was made. The aim was to get familiar with local market practices such as societal and cultural customs. The two identified target markets Qatar and the United Arab Emirates are examined by giving a brief overview of the two countries by political, economic and social environmental analysis. It was attempted to compare relevant information about Qatar and the United Arab Emirates internationally and with Germany. In order to be able to assess the attractiveness of the ICT market, market volumes and annual growth rates of the Middle East were outlined. Market figures of Middle Eastern countries were compared worldwide and checked against market volumes and growth rates of Western Europe, North America and Asia-Pacific to get the big picture. The competitive situation in the IT market of the Middle East was examined by presenting leading IT service providers. An assessment of the positioning, portfolio and existent strengths and weaknesses has been compared. Market impact was illus- trated in respective service portfolio segments based on analysis of Pierre Audoin Consultants. Opportunities and risks of the ICT market in the Middle East are outlined. Most important sectors and strongest solutions for T-Systems Multimedia Solutions have been identified.
This bachelor thesis focuses on the recent financial crisis that hit many countries one way or another. While the general causes and consequences are explained, the focus is on Spain and how the crisis developed there, in which ways the Spanish government and people were influenced and what measures were taken to restore the country's economy. Special emphasis is also put on the Austrian Business Cycle Theory in order to explain the origin of the financial crisis that started in 2007. All in all, the main aim of this paper is to give a small overview of this global crisis and its impact on Spain.
In dieser Arbeit werden interkulturelle Konflikte zwischen Amerikanern und Chinesen im Unternehmensalltag untersucht. Ziel der Arbeit ist es herauszufinden welche Konfliktlösungsstile Chinesen im Konflikt anwenden.
This work is aimed to study the effect of two types of stresses/corrosion on different materials used in making of disc brake rotors, atmospheric corrosion and thermal fatigue. The materials chosen were steel (100Cr6), nodular cast iron (GJS-400-15) and Aluminium reinforced silicon carbide (F3S-20S). Specimens of the each material will be subjected to an induced atmospheric corrosion using the salt spray (fog) chamber for two different test durations to simulate atmospheric corrosion. Other specimens of the chosen materials will be subjected to a thermal fatigue test through a repeated heating-cooling cycle. The effects on the materials will be measured by the difference in the values of coefficient of friction and the wear rate before and after the tests are carried out. Analysis of the induced corrosion and thermal fatigue products will be carried out by XRD analysis and microscopic photos of the surfaces. A comparison between the different tested materials will also be performed.
Methods of analyzing the structural integrity of compound materials under stressed conditions becoming more importantly. Not merely safety and economic reasons demanding a good monitoring of e.g. wind turbine blades or aircraft wings but also ecological ones. The existing strategy for the blades is to replace them at a certain schedule, resulting in unnecessary downtimes and high cost. Several possibilities of an optical structural health monitoring system been examined in this thesis. Both free-space and fiber-based setups are tested and evaluated in their usability. The methods were tested with the objective of embedding them into large-scale polymer structures such as the mentioned fields of application.
Stereo matching methods are usually relying on rectified images to calculate disparities. If the rectification is inaccurate or not present at all most stereo matching algorithms will produce distorted disparity maps. In this thesis an approach is described that overcomes this issue for the PatchMatch Stereo algorithm. As groundwork for stereo matching four rectification procedures namely Bouget
In the surgery of the pituitary gland and other related areas of the skull base, the endoscopic endonasal surgery has established oneself as today's operation method. Although the surgeon is able to look around corners with the aid of an endoscope, the dissection in these areas is limited. Current suction devices are limited in their size, shape, bending and prone to kinking because of the narrow suction channel. The work with such inadequate instruments increase the risk of life-threatening complications, prolong the operation and limit the quality of a complete tumor resection. The ideal suction device would be adaptable to numerous surgery situations, easy to bend, maintain its lumen, adequate in their ratio of rigidity and formability, ergonomic and reformable to its original shape. In the following bachelor thesis, it is shown that this can be achieved with a suction device with shape memory alloy. After the development of a comfortable hand sample, the suction device went into preparation and a risk analysis was performed. The results of the evaluation process are reductions in operative risk, time and cost if this bendable suction device would be applied. Therefore, approval for the international market should be sought, to provide an opportunity for safer and more effective surgical procedures.
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to investigate how cultural differences of countries can be used to make assumptions on what kind of financial product might be the most efficient one based on the culture of a country. By using re-search that is trying to explain market performance differences and consumer behavior differences based on culture of a country. This thesis is trying to link those researches in order to create a cultural assessment framework that can be used to make predictions about a country
Morality confronts us in our daily life. Sometimes people do not act the way we would have expected it. One of the biggest culture differences can be found between China and Germany. A lot of foreigners try to make business in the more and more economic important becoming country. A lot of them fail, because of not knowing how to act in certain circumstances. Furthermore, some situations are happening which one would not expected. Everyone got influenced by media about China. But is everything true about it? Most of the journalists are from western countries and they decide what is right and what wrong dependent from their origin. We call such a situation ethnocentrism. It means, that one judges dependent on ones ethnical norms one raised up with and that these norms are basis of valuation on other cultures (Schubert, 2011). While I was in China, I experienced a lot moral misunderstandings. I found out that especially foreign companies do have huge problems in that term because they use their - grown up morality- in China which is not working. This paper explains moral inequalities and helps companies to act differently in consideration of a very important topic such as payment morality.
China
(2015)
Within this Bachelor Thesis the Chinese economic development with begin of the economic boom until today are described. With focus on the Austrian Business Cycle Theory by Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek the questions why and how economic bubbles develop are investigated and similarities between countries who experienced economic bubbles in the past and China analysed. The conclusion of the research is that the Chinese real estate market has indeed been caught in a boom-and-bust cycle and is at the moment going through recession. A future reoccurence of an economic bubble in China is possible.
Die Bachelorarbeit beschreibt die Entwicklung, die verschiedenen Arten und die Auswirkungen in der Theorie und an konkreten Beispielen von Ausländischen Direktinvestitionen. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf Deutschland als Teil der EU bzw. Ausländischen Direktinvestitionen aus China.
The impact of work environment factors has to be considered in an integrated ergonomic analyzing and designing process. To capture relevant environmental exposures, measurements must be carried out. In companies, an increasing use of smartphones for initial measurements of work environment factors can be noticed. Here, the question arises whether it is possible to determine adequate data for scientific work analyses by using built-in sensors in smartphones. For that purpose, the operational readiness of smartphone applications to measure the work environment factors noise, climate and lighting is investigated. Here, the assessing of measuring accuracy and the recordable measurement quantities for different combinations of applications and smartphones is analyzed. In result, a wide variety of the measurement accuracy for the analyzed environmental factors can be observed.
This bachelor thesis is about the development and design of the suture-based HeartStitch MR device for functional restoration of the mitral valve when a mitral regurgitation is present. The mitral valve is one of the four existing heart valves and due to their load, the mitral valve is most commonly affected by valve defects. In case of a mitral regurgitation, the leaflets of the mitral valve are not closing tight enough, which causes a reflux of the oxygenated blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium. As consequence, the human body won't be sufficiently supplied with oxygen anymore, which results in a disproportionate cardiac output. Untreated, this can lead to respiratory dis-tress, cardiac arrhythmias and stroke or even to death. In this case, a heart surgery is essential to improve the patient
The birefringence of single crystal diamonds is quantified using a birefringence measurement setup and a Matlab program for the calculation. The theoretical backgrounds of the polarization of light and polarization changing equipment is used for selecting a plane polariscope measurement method. Here, a birefringent sample is placed between two optical polarizers. The equipment, as well as its theoretical and practical behavior in the measurement setup is discussed. The equations for birefringence measurements are given and a practical Matlab program is introduced to simplify the birefringence calculation for the user. Possible influences on the birefringence value due to inaccuracies of the laser, the polarizers, the diamond sample, the magnification lenses and the camera are discussed and taken into account. Intensity fluctuations and polarization changes of the laser beam are studied. The direction of the transmission axis of the polarizer and the analyzer is examined. A retarder is inserted into the measurement setup to check the accuracy of the birefringence measurement since a retarder has a known phase retardation. This retarder measurement should qualify the measurement setup to quantify birefringence of the diamond sample. The measurement results show that intensity fluctuations of the laser and the handling inaccurracies of the polarizers have a major influence on the accurracy of the birefringence measurement. This measurement setup is not qualitfied to measure birefringence accurate yet. Steps to improve the measurement setup and the birefringence calculation are discussed.
To improve the quality of education in applied laser physics, a new and innovative educational platform was designed, realized and tested. The system focusses on the improvement of the theoretical, experimental and numerical skills in the topics of ultra-short pulsed fiber based laser systems and related measurement techniques. The main content of the platform is the fundamental understanding of the technologies of an ytterbium-doped fiber based Master-Oscillator Power-Amplifier and a 2nd order intensity autocorrelator. A wide range of system parameters are variable and metrologically accessible. Thus the underlying physical mechanisms are illustrated and, by this the fundamental understanding of the system, improved. To transfer actual industrial and scientific topics into the experimental education of students, the complex lab course aims for a full characterization of the system by experimental work and a numerical analysis by simulating the system dynamics. A state-of-the-art educational tool was created to demonstrate current industrial sys-tems. An amplification of 37.2 dB was achieved. The pulses with a temporal width of 30.6 picoseconds possessed a pulse peak power of 14.2 kW. By the analysis of the material specific spectral properties, the rate equation model can be applied and im-portant system parameters determined.
Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes offer some excellent electrochemical properties, including the widest potential window in aqueous solutions, low background currents and good chemical and mechanical stability. They can also be produced transparent and could offer a great potential for spectroelectrochemical (SEC) experiments. However, to reach the mentioned electrical properties for such optically transparent electrodes (OTE), heavy doping is needed to increase conductivity. The introduction of boron in return reduces the transparency significantly. This work investigates the effect of introducing an alternative path for electrons in the form of an highly conductive get transparent interlayer which could increase the conductivity without increasing the BDD film or the doping level supporting high transparency in the visible (Vis) and ultraviolet (UV) regime. This work furthermore investigates possible interlayers for this application and implements four of them in two BDD OTE samples which are extensively studied by electrical, optical and electrochemical methods. An ultra-thin metal film (UTMF) of titanium (Ti) is shown to decrease the electrochemical resistance by 2.4kOhms while decreasing the transparency of a BDD OTE by only 11%.
The leading question, which political system is better suited for an emerging economy with a large population to ensure an effective climate protection, builds the nucleus of this thesis. The People's Republic of China and the Republic of India, which share similar demographic conditions and represent an autocratic and a democratic form of government, are compared in terms of the formulation and implementation of climate protection strategies and measures to draw conclusions about the characteristics of the respective systems.
The goal of this paper is to determine all relevant factors that influence the economic outcome and development of a country including the culture people practice. In the beginning of the paper it will be given a thorough explanation of culture and its components. There have been different theories on how culture influences the economic power of a country which until today are considered controversial. Therefore, it will be taken a closer look at for instance the theory of Max Weber, who explained in his book
The purpose of this study is to bring China closer to the audience, especially from the marketing perspective. The automotive industry, textile industry, technological industry, food, and beverage industries and much more have developed themselves in the Chinese market. Subsequently, the writer chose one sector of the technology industry, which are smartphones. The focus of this thesis is already available smartphone brands in China. The perception of smartphone brands should help in determining how the producing country is looked at, if the image clouds the judgment and if consumers are loyal to brands. These insights allow us to draw conclusions and recommendations for the communication and design of smartphone brands.
Unnoticed by many, a congenital cardiac anomaly is in existence, which can be found in over a quarter of the total population. It is associated with the occurrence of strokes, migraine with and without an aura and feelings of faintness.This refers to the atrial septal defect (ASD) or one of its forms, the patent foramen ovale (PFO). Eventhough this illness, depended on the manifestation, can remain without any symptoms, it should still be considered to treat the condition, to prevent possible complications in a higher age. In recent years, based on several studies, a closure of ASDs and PFOs has been established as the preferred approach and is therefore increasingly replacing the medicinal treatment. In the context of this Master
In the scope of this thesis a novel minimal invasive medical device was developed and manufactured. It is used to treat mitral regurgitation, which is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases. It prevents a perfect closure of the mitral leaflets and causes blood to flow back and cause different symptoms, from dyspnea to sometimes death. For this purpose, two versions of new treatment devices were developed that suture the Mitral valve leaflets together resulting in a better closure. Various state of the art Software and machines were used to design and manufacture the Prototypes. This thesis provides the basis of putting those devices onto the Market and to help physicians and patients with an easier treatment and faster recovery time.
The NobleStitchTM EL Cardiovascular Suturing System can be used in general surgical, interventional and endoscopic procedures, such as Patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure, transapical ventricular closure, carotid arterial closure, mitral annuloplasty or edge-to-edge mitral valve repair. The System is used through an access device or in an open setting. For applying suture to a wound site, one Device of the NobleStitchTM EL Cardiovascular Suturing System, called the NobleStitchTM EL (S)
Regional power shift in Southeast Asia: Comparing economic influence of China and Japan in ASEAN
(2017)
This work deals with the Sino-Japanese power competition in Southeast Asia, which is here considered as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). For this purpose, the academic discourse on regional powers in general, as well as in Southeast Asia is outlined, with special regard to the relation of economic and soft power. On the basis of trade and investment figures an analysis in comparative perspective is conducted, which examines the development of the Chinese and Japanese economic influence in ASEAN over the past decades.
This thesis is about the significance of the Chinese construction industry on the Chinese "One Belt, One Road" initiative. The most important question discussed in this thesis are: What is "One Belt, One Road"? How does the domestic construction industry in China benefits from the New Silk Road? And, the Chinese interests behind "One Belt, One Road"?
The increasing impact of Internal combustion engines on the environment have led to some stringent rules over the automotive industry, which have forced them to have a deeper investigation into the components of the engine.Friction, oil consumption and blow-by are the major concern of the automotive industry and all of this happens at the Piston-ring pack assembly. So, through this work using 3D CFD software Star CCM+, the better understanding of the fluid mechanics in the Piston-ring pack is addressed, which could be helpful for the broad range of R&D and can also provide base for the further CFD research. A two-dimensional geometric section of the Piston-ring pack has been selected of the Gasoline engine having the operating condition of full load. The 2D Piston-ring pack has been modelled with the transient condition of Pressure and Temperature over the cycle. Dynamic mesh has been created for the kinematics and dynamics of the Piston and rings. Gas flow and oil flow in the Piston-ring pack was analysed with the dependent parameters like absolute pressure for 3 cycles, which was also compared with available MBS (Multi-body Simulation) results, Mass flow rate. Based on that, the flow pattern of the gas and oil was captured with different transport mechanism i.e. reverse flow, inertia force, squeezing, pumping. Hydrodynamic friction power loss was also studied between ring-liner gap due to shear stress in lubricating oil and the results was compared with MBS results. The resultant axial and radial force acting on the rings was also calculated and compared for all the 3 cycles. This work is the comprehensive investigation of the Piston-ring pack (2D-model) for all the important mechanism could take place in the Piston-ring pack. It constitutes a major step in understanding oil and gas dynamics in the Piston-ring pack.
China is planning to rebuild the ancient Silk Road into a modern infrastructre network, spanning Asia, Central Asia and Europe. The investements are high and are not paying off. This thesis is exploring the political reasons for China's plans and the impact the initiative has on the Chinese-Kazakh relationship.
As corporate social responsibility (CSR) is becoming increasingly important in China, this bachelor thesis examines the current state, problems and challenges of corporate social responsibility in China. Based on the analysis of the CSR strategies of Apple and Huawei in China, the thesis reveals lessons and guidelines for companies that want to implement a CSR strategy and integrate CSR operations into their business in China.
This thesis will examine the process of internationalization which generates international changes and growth, entry into new markets and the creation of new businesses. Projecting this on the sports industry, businessmen tend to take more risks than a few decades ago in the interest of becoming more competitive. The sports industry is used to transmit multiple messages as it reaches global audiences. The term sports covers much more than the physical activity. The term also comprises possibilities for lucrative business actions, sponsoring and image creation. Furthermore, it induces a pooling of diverse cultures. Thanks to this boundary-spanning connection of sportsmen and arising opportunities to increase sales, managers have decided to go international and to expand their company
The SuperStitch is a suture-based closure device for the use during minimally invasive surgical procedures. The aim is to close a vessel or wound site in an open setting. The project is dealing with the further development of an already proven product pf the HeartStitch company. In the process, adaptation and fining solutions based on new requirements are discussed. These aim to perform surgery in the area of the human heart. The new field of application is mostly meant to deal with the closure of PFO's, ASD II and occurring residual shunts.
Es wird ein neuartiges, interferometrisches Verfahren zur Analyse dünner Filme beschrieben.
An omnipresent topic in the economic news of the current year 2018 were the
developments regarding the smoldering trade dispute between the USA and China.
Within short periods of time, a downright exchange of strikes between the
administrations of the two countries evolved, with the President of the USA, Donald
Trump, in particular, pithily announcing to China an increasingly serious threat of
sanctions. Although the Chinese side was noticeably striving to de-escalate the verbal
dispute, it also presented a series of sanctions which were described in the relevant
press as so-called retaliatory tariffs.
The reason behind this diplomatic duel, however, has substance. It is evident that the
USA and China share an exceptional status with regard to economic fundamentals.
The US has the largest international trade deficit of US$ 375.2 billion vis-à-vis China.
China, on the other hand, is by far the largest creditor of the USA on an international
scale and currently holds around US$ 1.2 trillion in government bonds. Accordingly,
China exerts a major economic influence over the USA. This objective situation
opposes the subjective self-reflection of the government under President Trump, which
hardly misses an opportunity to operate on an international level with the help of
supposed deals according to the credo "America first".
Due to the current emission standards and the even more environmentally friendly vehicle developing. The ethanol level in the fuel has been increased more and more over the past few years. This is the reason why the manufactures must look out for while developing the engine management software.
To get a subjective point of view of what happens with this increase, a universal test procedure was established. A fully instrumented gasoline vehicle was tested with four test fuels. During testing the procedure had to be modified from the first seen data. That is why two Drive cycles had been generated.
After the evaluation of the collected data, the influence of ethanol on the cold start and warm up phase was shown. As a result, higher ethanol content in the fuel increased hesitation and negative effect of that component. Also, it became even more clear, that this test procedure should be used for more than just one vehicle. This would help with clarifying if this effect was caused by the ethanol alone or if the software or design of the engine had an influence on it.
The Faculty of Languages at the University of Applied Sciences Zwickau has a knowledge
base on critical incidents. Critical incidents capture and structure insights from critical situations in international mobility [Fet15]. With the rapid development of data and information, the
research platform CIs to Go has a clear need for a central search infrastructure that will allow
users to find and discover more relevant critical incidenst (or intercultural experinces as named
in the research platform CIs to Go). The data and information about critical incidents are stored
in open-source relational database management system PostgreSQL.
Nowadays it is inconceivable to use traditional RDBMS tools to analyze the data as they
grow very fast. The amount of information has steadily increased for years. Big Data provides
a solution for analyzing large amounts of data. Many search engine providers offer the solution
for analyzing large volumes of data, and companies are looking for open source solutions that
can quickly and reliably search, analyze, and evaluate large volumes of data. Elasticsearch
is a Lucene based search engine. Elasticsearch uses the concept of indexing to speed up the
search. This search engine provides a variety of options for free text queries, fuzzy matching
and indexing data. First, search engines and NLP toolkits are reviewed. This thesis also defines
the functional requirements of these tools. Then, an evaluation is given by indicating the positive
and negative aspects of the tools.
This thesis presents a complete search engine to be deployed on the research platform CIs
to Go as a new visual tool that helps in the process of searching for and finding intercultural
experiences.
Development and testing of a measuring system for recording mechanical loads on industrial batteries
(2019)
In this paper, we propose cache replacement strategies based on the machine learning methods. As part of this work, we analyse the data provided for caching, design, and train Random Forest Regression and Gradient Boosting Decision Trees to predict the popularity of web objects. Finally we compare the proposed strategies with policies traditionally used for cache replacement to evaluate their applicability.
Speech-controlled Home Shopping in Virtual Reality (Investigation and Prototypical Realization)
(2019)
In order to discover and to identify possible improvements in the interaction between humans
and computers, research in speech recognition in combination with virtual reality provides
an opportunity to learn about scientific fields such as human-computer interaction. For the aim
of reaching a new level of interactivity between users and systems, the research in virtual reality
contributes to several innovative ideas for researchers to discover inventive features. The idea
beyond prototyping speech controlled home shopping in virtual reality is to overcome some
technical limitations in virtual reality and to serve direct interaction between the user and the
virtual reality environment through speech commands.
Between Clash of Civilizations and Global Identity - the Interdependence of Culture and Economics
(2019)
Our life is becoming faster, more connected and more global - this developments have a lot of positive but also negative effects. Being fearful towards the "different" is a growing phenomenon and the question arises of we heading towards a global identity or a clash of civilizations, which factors play the important parts and how did they come into existence. By using North African immigration in France as an example, an approach is made to put this topic in a smaller context in order to see where the scenario is heading to and what is conducive and/or detrimental.
China
(2019)
The thesis analysis the car parks’ elements and the factors that influence the drivers’ behaviour on them. Then makes an approach to the definition of the strategy of how the car drivers search for free parking spaces. The reason for it is that there is a need to assess car parks’ design parameters in the terms of their performance. One of the decisive factors is also the drivers’ behaviour. A car park simulation based on the environment of matrices is designed and implemented in MATLAB. The algorithm for searching for the parking spaces is designed and implemented within that as well. The results of the simulation are presented.
The principal objective of this thesis is to execute a priority system for public transport buses at a signalized intersection. Based on the actual demand for buses, a dedicated bus lane is proposed to provide spatio-temporal priority. The optimal location was examined with the help of microscopic simulation software before bus lanes were introduced in the network. Bus priority lanes interrupted the existing traffic flow pattern and compelled straight-ahead vehicles to shift into adjacent lanes. Therefore, median turning lanes were added to improve the capacity of mainstreams. A fixed-time signal program with an additional transit priority phase was designed to accommodate peak-hour traffic flow. In order to achieve variabilities in the cycle length, a vehicle-actuated signal controller was implemented to operate the modeled intersection, which responds to the real-time traffic demand.
A simulation test was performed in VISSIM on both the actual and modeled intersection. Comprehensive result analysis in terms of travel time, vehicle delays, and queue lengths was made to determine the performance and saturation level of the selected intersection.
Vehicular emission is often the main source of air pollution. The chief pollutants react with air and secondary pollutants resulting in adverse effects to the environment. European commission has legislated laws in order to reduce the air pollution from vehicular emissions.
Traffic modelling has been used for many decades and particularly in the last decade, flow of traffic based on vehicle type has been used to estimate emission of polluting gases and particles. Passenger car and Heavy duty Emission Model (PHEM) is used along with microscopic traffic flow simulation software VISSIM (In German: Verkehr In Städten – SIMulationsmodell meaning "Traffic in cities - simulation model") for estimation of major two major pollutants of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides) and particulate matter emitted from passenger cars and heavy-duty vehicles, based on their technical performance characteristics in a traffic flow at a typical German motorway segment. With a country’s fixed fleet composition for a particular year, PHEM gives fuel consumption and emission as outputs using fuel types used (diesel or petrol) and based on the trajectories of the vehicles.
This study is planned to exploit the developments and investigate the validation of this software with HBEFA. Different 25 scenarios are created for a German motorway segment with varying traffic behaviours; and the emission results between two emission modelling software tools are compared.
The use of fossil resources must be phased out during the next decades in order to stay below a well below 2°C trajectory adopted with the Paris Agreement. The growing threat of climate changes arises large uncertainties concerning natural and social systems and induced changes on economic activities and human welfare in the 21st century. As recent climate negotiations failed to achieve significant progress to stop the climate change, GHG emissions fragmented the international communities. Total carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is at the highest levels ever recorded. Since, it is very important to differentiate the total CO2 and its origin.
Evidently, CO2 has been identifed as the most important GHG because it contributes the largest share to the anthropogenic increase of radiative forcing and grows fastest. Anthropogenic sources of CO2 emissions are fossilfuel combustion (FFC), cement production, traditional biomass combustion and land use change, which contain chlorouorocarbons, hydrochlorouorocarbons and others. Where Biogenic CO2 emission sources are fermentation, biogas and other biological process. Compare to atropogenicsource with high purity.
The thesis provides an improved overview of R&D, pilot, demonstration and commercial projects that capture CO2 from biogas plants and other biogenic sources and subsequently put this carbon to further use. Best practices in terms of business models and GHG saving potentials are described. The CO2 emissions mitigation are related to the innovation, technologies, investment and moreover the strong policies from the Government