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The labor market is confronted with social, environmental, and economic developments that affect working conditions and individual labor relations. Lately, the Covid-19 pandemic has demonstrated and reinforced the importance of inclusive growth and sustainable work relationships. In this chapter, the smart job factory, a metamodel that supports the creation of new forms of work by redefining roles in labor, is introduced. The smart job factory is based on social entrepreneurship principles to drive innovative, sustainable, and long-term solutions to social challenges. For practical application, the model can be translated into a software solution that supports employers in the assessment of current working conditions and job roles within their companies and helps to redefine work relationships and to create new jobs. Thus, the smart job factory supports the labor market transition by systematically and proactively shaping new forms of work based on the triple bottom line of sustainable development.
Vitalpolitik
(2022)
Abstract: This chapter reconstructs the notion of ‘vital policy’ (Vitalpolitik), an approach to the social question whose first and strongest proponent amongst the Ordoliberals was Alexander Rüstow. It is opposed to traditional social policy as a top-down provision of material benefits (welfare). Instead, it aims at enabling those ‘conditions of life’ (Lebenslagen) that provide the prerequisites for human beings and their community to flourish. This humanistic approach attempts to complement the competitive processes in a market society and to provide access and equal opportunity to these processes, focusing on the notion of fair starting conditions for individuals. In its general thrust, Vitalpolitik is well compatible with more recent research programmes, especially the capability approach of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum.
This study aimed to investigate the component structural behaviour and response under overturned truck crash that subsequently collides with road-side pole or tree. The safety of the truck occupants in an accident is very important and should be considered in the process of cabin design. Specific focus will be on the structural integrity of the truck cabin in response to a collision with a cylindrical pendulum. In the past, dynamic analysis was done by real world testing. Nowadays crash simulation is proven to be much more efficient by being a virtual representation of destructive crash impact and providing opportunities to reduce the number of physical prototypes consumed for design verification, thus reducing development time. According to cab strength tests (ECE R29), the cabin body of the truck shall be attached to the chassis in such a way that in the event of impact it ensures a sufficient survival space and eliminates the risk of injury. This paper investigates the FE (finite element) simulation of a frontal impact on the cabin structure to validate the cabin according to the ECE regulation 29 tests. The study also includes the assessment of the energy absorption capabilities of the cabin during the pendulum impact. The pendulum impact was carried out using Ansys LS-Dyna explicit solver to evaluate the cabin strength under the loads.
Experimental tests on the type-approval of motor vehicles with regard to safety belt anchorages, ISOFIX anchorages and ISOFIX top anchorages have been carried out in accordance with Regulation No. 14 UNECE. From the design stage, the safety belt anchorages must comply with the requirements for the installation of a safety belt and reduce slipping and damage to the belt while wearing it. These can be components of the seat structure or of the body's resistance structure, which have the role of fastening the seat belts. The position of the anchor points is determined by the R point. The R point is defined as the seat reference point on the seat. This point is set by the vehicle manufacturer for each seat in the vehicle. In this paper, two models of chairs were tested. Both seat models are equipped with seat belts anchored at three anchor points. Seat belt anchorages were tested simultaneously using parallel force devices. These traction devices are placed on the seat cushion and are pressed into the seat back. The pulling device has a vertical pulling arm, which has the role of anchoring the steel wire cables. Two test forces are applied simultaneously to the anchor points during the test.
The impact of work environment factors has to be considered in an integrated ergonomic analyzing and designing process. To capture relevant environmental exposures, measurements must be carried out. In companies, an increasing use of smartphones for initial measurements of work environment factors can be noticed. Here, the question arises whether it is possible to determine adequate data for scientific work analyses by using built-in sensors in smartphones. For that purpose, the operational readiness of smartphone applications to measure the work environment factors noise, climate and lighting is investigated. Here, the assessing of measuring accuracy and the recordable measurement quantities for different combinations of applications and smartphones is analyzed. In result, a wide variety of the measurement accuracy for the analyzed environmental factors can be observed.