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This master's thesis focuses on developing a robust framework for co-simulating microscopic traffic scenarios and vehicle dynamics, leveraging the capabilities of SUMO and CARLA. The essence of this research lies in its meticulous analysis of existing simulation tools, leading to identifying the most effective co-simulation strategies and intercommunication methods. A comparative study elucidates the strengths and limitations of these methodologies, guiding the selection of an optimal approach.
Central to the methodology is a thorough understanding and application of SUMO and CARLA, enhanced by the strategic implementation of intercommunication methods. The detailed integration of these tools and the introduction of test automation significantly boost simulation efficacy. The framework's reliability and accuracy are rigorously validated through well-defined procedures and metrics, ensuring fidelity in simulation results.
Key to this research is the design of experimental scenarios that reflect real-world traffic conditions underpinned by carefully chosen simulation parameters. These scenarios are pivotal in validating the co-simulation framework's performance, supplemented by a performance cost analysis focusing on processing efficiency. The thesis culminates with a critical discussion of the findings, addressing the research objectives and posing solutions to identified challenges. Potential areas for future enhancements are explored, highlighting the framework's limitations.
In conclusion, this thesis contributes significantly to the field of traffic simulation for autonomous driving technologies. It presents a comprehensive co-simulation framework, offering researchers and engineers a sophisticated tool for advanced testing and validation. The insights and recommendations provided are instrumental for ongoing research and development in this rapidly evolving domain.
The objective of the study is to improve the functionality of the Virtual Reality Laboratory (VR Labs) of the Faculty of Automotive Engineering and enhance its applicability in Road Traffic Engineering education and training at the University of Applied Sciences Zwickau (WHZ). In this study, a comprehensive description of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) as well as their wide application in education has been given.
An insight into the VR Labs of the Faculty of Automotive Engineering at WHZ is provided. The study built and proposed eight use cases of VR Labs in road traffic engineering training and education at WHZ. The limitations and barriers in deploying application cases are analyzed and suitable solutions are given. The adoption of virtual reality can be an easy transition based on BIM modeling software development, and 3D and 360 degrees scanning.
An extension of the VR Labs application for other areas of education at WHZ has been identified. In addition, technologies, areas of application, and future research directions are mentioned. Innovations such as 3D modeling and BIM-based workflows that are being encouraged through the development of content-created engines will provide students with opportunities for using VR/AR on road traffic and infrastructure projects in the future.
Finite element Analysis is a powerful tool that enables a thorough examination of the physical and mechanical aspects of various objects, yielding insights that would otherwise be difficult to obtain. In the context of the guitar industry, this technology can be used to determine the role of internal bracing structures with a high degree of precision. Specifically, FEM is commonly utilized to analyze the natural vibration frequency of guitars and to gain a better understanding of their vibrational behaviour. Although there are many sources that describe the impact of braces on the natural frequencies of guitar tops, there exists a paucity of research that delves into how these structures achieve their effects.
The purpose of this paper is to employ FEM to examine the effect of braces on the soundboard and to contrast the results with those obtained from an actual soundboard fabricated by the author. Through simulation, we aim to elucidate the influence of various factors such as position, height, and profile on the soundboard's performance. However, it is important to note that there may be discrepancies between the simulation results and the actual performance of the soundboard owing to measurement errors and constraints associated with manual production. As a result, the data generated by this study should not be regarded as reference data.
Objective: Sagittal balance (SB) plays important role in the successful treatment of spinal disorders. Segmental lordosis is an important SB parameter in spinal surgery and diagnosis, which can help to ensure proper surgical planning and better postoperative outcomes. The manual measurement of segmental lordosis is associated with problems such as time-consuming procedures, high error rates, and poor reproducibility.
The bachelor thesis proposes a solution by exploring and evaluating a more efficient and reliable AI-based method for determining segmental lordosis in preoperative patients, which is compared to measurements made by experienced physicians.
Methods: hidden due to a non-disclosure agreement.
Results: hidden due to a non-disclosure agreement.
Conclusions: hidden due to a non-disclosure agreement.
WHO estimates that 1.25 million people worldwide pass away in traffic accidents each year. Accidental damage to the economy costs USD 520 per year. Road traffic accidents account for 2.1% of all fatalities worldwide. In total, 50,000 people die in Europe each year. One of the most significant economic and social issues, traffic accidents result in thousands of fatalities and serious injuries each year in Germany and around the world. Whenever there is an accident involving vehicles, trucks, motorized two-wheelers, bicycles, or pedestrians that results in casualties or property damage, the questions of what caused the accident and how it could have been prevented naturally arises: whether it was due to human factors (e.g., carelessness, speeding, or drinking), vehicular flaw (e.g., faulty brakes, a faulty chassis, or old tires), road surface, poor visibility, and so on. The list of possible explanations is really long. The problem is to implement effective steps to prevent accidents from happening in the first place, regardless of what caused the mishap.
The German federal states of Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Brandenburg, Hessen, and cities of Hamburg, and Bremen are examined in this study's analysis of accidents. This study aims to (i) identify the human factors, environmental factors, and road/infrastructural factors that lead to human failures which cause road accidents, and (ii) explore ways of mitigating these accidents.
1 In an increasingly populated and technological world, manufacturing processes have become faster and data more voluminous. With this comes the need to store this massive production data and use real-time data monitoring tools to facilitate decision making in a plant. Concepts, derived from Pharma 4.0.
| 2 In the manufacturing environment there is, however, a big challenge in data collection and transmission, i.e. the communication between different equipments, sensors, and software. Since each manufacturer tends or has tended to use its own standards for programming and manufacturing the devices and tools.
| 3 Another major challenge is the secure transmission of data to avoid theft and cyber attacks, thus affecting the company's credibility and financial losses.
| 4 In this project the data transfer from Programmable Logic Controller (PLCs) was performed through the Matrikon Server and an interface belonging to the OPC Foundation, this technology allows the collection of data from different sources and delivers them safely to the process visualization software in a single language.
| 5 For software and hardware installation in a regulated environment, standards and validation methods need to be followed before, during and after installation of the required system.
| 6 This project aims to transfer data continuously and contemporaneously from a local source to the could environment and present the validation method used by pharmaceutical industries to validate this process in a GMP-regulated environment.
| 7 For the performance of the software installation, documents have been prepared and used to record and evidence the procedure. These documents were prepared and executed based on standards and methods relevant to the validation process.
| 8 The workers were also trained to know how to handle the data coming from production, and to be able to extract the value from it for different sectors, such as quality, raw material sector, energy sector, etc.
| 9 Finally, improvements were suggested for the documents and validation process used in this project. Since this installation will be used as a basis for future customer installations, not only for interfaces, but also for 1st and 2nd generation connectors.
Research and studies have indicated that rural highways globally exhibit a disproportionately high incidence of accidents and fatalities, which can be attributed to inadequate traffic safety measures. This paper primarily examines the causes of inadequate traffic safety, with a particular emphasis on factors associated with road conditions. These causes can be broadly categorized into human factors, road factors, and vehicle factors. Indeed, the movement of vehicles on these rural roads is characterized by unrestricted traffic flow, whereby the driving stability of a vehicle is primarily impacted by factors such as road alignments and surface conditions. Single-vehicle run-off-road crashes frequently exhibit a correlation with insufficient road conditions. Hence, enhancing the alignment design of roadways can prove to be efficacious in minimizing the occurrence of traffic accidents. However, constraints may arise in the context of rural roads, thereby imposing limitations on designers and engineers in their ability to modify road design. Therefore, it is imperative to explore alternative measures to enhance road safety as required. The objective of this study is to analyse driving behaviour on a two-lane rural road in Germany, taking into consideration the varying alignments of the road. The WHZ static simulator is an innovative technological tool utilized within the field of road design analysis, specifically for the purpose of evaluating driving behaviour. Speed, lateral positions, and are the primary parameters utilized in the evaluation of driving behaviours.
Keywords: Driving Simulators, Driving Behaviour, Traffic Safety, Trajectory Classification
Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) as a means of public transportation is set to revolutionize the mobility behavior of elderly people in the coming future. Though the vehicle manufacturers and corporates emphasize on potential benefits of AVs to elderly citizens, very little has been researched and studied about this large cohort (age 65+) in society. This study aims to measure the experience of the elderlies in this Highly Automat Shuttle (HAS) in Berlin and find out the potential pros and cons affecting the design, trust and security, and perception to adopt this technology in the future. Among the elderly respondents surveyed, 93% found the HAS convenient, with minor design issues addressed. Respondents (90%) were willing to use it for their first and last-mile journey and considered that the HAS would help improve the social participation of elderlies with mobility restrictions. However, elderlies still have trust issues integrating a fully driverless vehicle in the domain of public transportation. The significant findings on the difference in the experience of HAS between the elderlies, adults, and younger adults could be adopted to develop the design further, making it more comfortable and trustworthy towards the elderly population.
Traffic signal priority for Public Transit vehicle is considered as an effective strategy to reduce the delay times and increase service reliability. This strategy is implemented to stop the vicious cycle of traffic congestion due to excess utilization of private vehicle. Though this is an attractive alternative for a private vehicle, this strategy can be implemented without opting for any new transportation infrastructure. On doing so the concern towards sustainable mobility solutions is also addressed. Therefore, prioritizing public transport is the best possible way to adapt to the increasing mobility demands in urban areas. Along with the technological advancements, these priority strategies are also being developed.
With these advancements in priority strategies, more research towards Estimated Time of Arrival of transit vehicles a key parameter in Transit signal priority has been observed. One such new traffic signal priority is with C-ITS message profiles CAM and SREM. Though this advanced priority method is considered to outperform the existing traffic signal priority strategies, how much better they can perform is not yet determined. This thesis focuses on this aspect by comparing the existing Transit signal priority method with the advanced CAM and SREM Transit signal priority, in four different scenarios. Signal Control tool LISA and Simulation tool VISSIM are used for the whole design and evaluation process. Delay time, waiting time,and average speed evaluation parameters are considered for comparing and determining the performance of two Transit Signal priority methods.
In this study more than 150 kg real waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) shredder residues from different European dismantling plant were treated by laserspectroscopic flouroescence and solvent-based recycling process. Currently, the samples used are excluded from material recycling and remain as side streams in state-of-the-art plastic recycling plants. The main reason why the waste streams are not currently recycled is due to the fact that they contain flame retardants that are already banned by different EU regulations (e.g. REACH, POP) and must be removed before the recyclates produced can be used again in products on the market. Conventional recycling technologies cannot separate these hazardous flame retardants from the polymers, therefore the solvent-based recycling process was used for this study. The focus within this work was the upscaling of the CreaSolv® Process from the laboratory scale to the small technical scale to provide larger quantities of recyclates. Sensor-based sorting process and CreaSolv® Process were combined to achieve easier handling and better yields of recyclates. By means of safe solvents a significant decrease of halogen content of (up to 98%) was achieved within the applied methods. Mass balances were determined, and gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) as well as energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) measurements provided data on the different flame retardants and halogen content of each recyclate. As a result, the recyclates produced comply with the limit values of the EU directives (e.g. POPs, REACH). Melt flow analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were carried out on the recyclates for a quality evaluation and revealed that the recyclates have similar properties to virgin materials. Based on this work, the upscaling of the CreaSolv® Process is able to recycle WEEE containing pollutants and at the same time produce recyclates with good mechanical properties.
Vitalpolitik
(2022)
Abstract: This chapter reconstructs the notion of ‘vital policy’ (Vitalpolitik), an approach to the social question whose first and strongest proponent amongst the Ordoliberals was Alexander Rüstow. It is opposed to traditional social policy as a top-down provision of material benefits (welfare). Instead, it aims at enabling those ‘conditions of life’ (Lebenslagen) that provide the prerequisites for human beings and their community to flourish. This humanistic approach attempts to complement the competitive processes in a market society and to provide access and equal opportunity to these processes, focusing on the notion of fair starting conditions for individuals. In its general thrust, Vitalpolitik is well compatible with more recent research programmes, especially the capability approach of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum.
Analysis of Traffic Management using Microscopic Simulation and Markov chain Modeling in Hyderabad
(2022)
Many developing countries around the world have been affected by globalization. India is one of the countries that has gained the most benefits. Hyderabad is the capital of the Indian state of Telangana. Because of population growth and the migration of people from rural to urban areas, traffic in Hyderabad is rapidly expanding. With commercial enterprise quarters, purchasing departmental stores, schools, and hospitals, Hyderabad has evolved into a financial hub. As a result, the number of people who own and use automobiles is increasing. Traffic congestion and regular traffic jams have become widespread in central areas, as they have traffic gridlocks on major corridors. The majority of the city’s transportation needs are currently met by bus transit (42 percent), the Multimodal Transport System (MMTS) based on the rail (1.5 percent), vehicles with three and seven seats (8 percent), and two and four-wheeled private automobiles (48.5 percent). Hyderabad is located at a crossroads of three national highways that connect it to six other states. The primary purpose of this article is to understand the city’s existing traffic challenges, find solutions that have been effectively adopted in established cities, and discuss the many projects and actions undertaken by local authorities to manage traffic congestion issues.
Traffic congestion can occur in any mode of transportation, but we focused on traffic congestion on the road network caused by vehicles. Lower velocity, lengthier travels, and car queuing for an extended period are some of the characteristics that distinguish street networks. In this paper, the causes of traffic congestion are identified, including illegal parking, traffic rules, seasonal factors, pavement failures, encroaching on footpaths, the passage of heavy goods vehicles on narrow roads, accidents, and incorrect lane management, as well as remedial measures to reduce congestion at the study location of Hyderabad.
Public transport not only plays an essential role in helping people with diverse economic backgrounds to access employment and services but also the everyday life and mobility of people. Public transport is one of the most essential segments of public infrastructure in any country and a key pointer towards the economic development of that country. This study will examine the current public transport system in the United Kingdom and Germany. The focus will be bus and rail services. The study will review the present transport policy in both countries, and the system of governance – stakeholders, infrastructure, planning, and the role of public transport in everyday life of the citizens. Based on these key aspects, the paper will analyze the better developed and the lagging areas of public transport by way of comparison between both countries. After analyzation, the paper will comment on and highlight areas with room for better policy and planning in future in the United Kingdom and Germany.
Keywords – public transport, analyze, governance, policy, infrastructure, comparison, future policy.
This thesis presents a case study conducted at the Potsdamer Platz intersection in Berlin, focusing on the effects of transitioning from fixed phase control to Vehicle Actuated Signal Control (VA). The objective is to optimize the signal control system to improve traffic flow and reduce waiting times for motorists. Traffic data from the Berlin authority is analyzed, and various stage sequences are developed using the signal planning tool LISA+ and simulated using VISSIM microsimulation. The impact of the proposed vehicle-actuated signal control system on overall traffic performance is evaluated by comparing the Level of Service (LOS) with the existing fixed-time plan. The analysis reveals the limitations of the proposed approach and identifies areas for further improvement in control systems. Results indicate that the VA system shows comparable effectiveness to the current scenario only at lower volume, with room for enhancement. By considering two variations of the signal group from the current sequence, valuable insights are gained into the effects of the proposed changes. The results contribute to the development of optimized signal control strategies, aiming to create safer and more efficient traffic environments at urban intersections.