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Die Seminararbeit untersucht die Bedeutung der strategischen Personalentwicklung und Kompetenzförderung im spezialisierten Bereich des Sondermaschinenbaus, mit einem Fokus auf die Praxis der Skill-Checks in einem deutschen Unternehmen. Sie beleuchtet die Auswirkungen des demografischen Wandels, der rasanten technologischen Entwicklungen und der Globalisierung auf den Bedarf an Fachkräften mit spezifischen technischen und sprachlichen Kompetenzen. Durch eine detaillierte Analyse der bestehenden Ausbildungs- und Weiterbildungsprozesse werden Schwachstellen aufgezeigt. Die Arbeit schlägt Lösungsansätze vor, wie durch strukturierte Weiterbildungsprogramme und verbesserte Auswahlverfahren diesen Herausforderungen effektiv begegnet werden kann, um die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit zu stärken.
The book 'Reinforcment Learning: An Introduction' by Sutton and Barto is the standard text book for introductory courses to reinforcement learning. Next to concrete algorithms and extensive examples the book contains several fundamental results related to Markov decision processes (MDPs) and Bellman equations in Chapters 3 and 4. Unfortunately some proofs are missing, some theorems lack precise formulation, and for some results the line of arguments is quite garbled.
In this note we provide all missing proofs, give precise formulations of theorems and untangle the line of arguments. Further, we avoid using random variables and their expected values. Since we (like Sutton/Barto) restrict our attention to finite MDPs all expected values can be made explicit avoiding overloaded notation and murky conclusions.
This article bridges the gap between introductory literature like Sutton/Barto and research literature containing exact formulations and proofs of relevant results, but being less accessible to beginners due to higher generality and complexity.
The book is the second of four volumes on data science and artificial intelligence. This second volume covers data visualization tool and techniques as well as fundamentals of supervised machine learning: linear regression, artificial neural networks, support-vector machines, decision trees, ensemble methods and more.
Sustainable Integration of Digitalisation in Nursing Education - An International Scoping Review
(2024)
Tourismus und Mobilität sind untrennbar miteinander verbunden. In erster Linie mag man dabei an die An- und Abreise zur Urlaubsdestination denken. Aber auch für Aktivitäten vor Ort sind Verkehrsmittel bzw. Verkehrsinfrastrukturen von entscheidender Bedeutung. Sie können sogar, z.B. bei Kreuzfahrten oder mehrtägigen Fahrradtouren, einen wesentlichen Bestandteil der Reise ausmachen oder aber, wie etwa imposante Brückenbauwerke oder Dampfbahnen, selbst als Attraktion gelten.
Zahlreiche Beispiele sowie 40 Fallstudien, die auf eigenen Erfahrungen beruhen, illustrieren die aufgegriffenen Themen und sollen beim Leser „Entdeckergeist“ wecken, um interessanten Ideen und Entwicklungen in der Realität auch selbst nachzugehen.
This article reconstructs the path of the German economist Friedrich A. Lutz (1901–75) to American economics. The correspondence with his former teacher Walter Eucken, the founder of the Freiburg school, constitutes a crucial yet unexplored source for the article. Through Lutz's case, this article demonstrates the growing gulf between German and Anglo-Saxon economics during the late 1930s. In his native Germany, Lutz was trained in methodologically and institutionally focused economics, which differed fundamentally from the mathematical economics dominating Anglo-Saxon academia. He realized that an academic career in the United States would be impossible if he did not adapt to the new methods and if he did not abandon the methods of the German tradition. This gave rise to his internal Methodenstreit. After his emigration in 1938, he constantly experienced doubts and tensions because he was convinced that without considering institutions, mathematical economics could never explain the occurrence and essence of macroeconomic phenomena. Despite his stellar career at Princeton, it was only after his move to Zurich in 1953, where he taught history and theory of socioeconomics for the rest of his life, that Lutz could reconcile this internal Methodenstreit.
Multiplikatorenkonzepte zu Stress- und Emotionsregulation im Rettungsdienst – ein Scoping-Review
(2024)
Hintergrund: Beschäftigte im Rettungsdienst sind einem erhöhten Risiko ausgesetzt, psychische Beeinträchtigungen zu entwickeln, da sie in ihrem Berufsalltag hohen körperlichen und emotionalen Stressoren ausgesetzt werden. Der Umgang mit diesen Stressoren stellt eine wichtige Ressource dar, um im Sinne der Salutogenese eine Bewältigung vorzunehmen. Damit die Förderung der Stress- und Emotionsregulation nicht nur auf einer Verhaltensebene wirksam wird, bieten sich Multiplikatorenkonzepte mit einer verhältnisbezogenen Verzahnung in die Arbeitssysteme an.
Ziel der Arbeit: Die Überprüfung der verfügbaren Evidenz von Multiplikatorenkonzepten zur Stress- und Emotionsregulation im Rettungsdienst ist das Ziel des Scoping-Reviews.
Material und Methoden: Die Übersicht orientiert sich inhaltlich am Modell der Salutogenese und methodisch am Konzept des Joanna Briggs Institute zur Durchführung von Scoping-Reviews. Die Recherche basierte auf den Suchoberflächen PubMed sowie PubPsych (alle Evidenzquellen) und erstreckte sich auf deutsch- und englischsprachige Literatur im Zeitraum von 1997 bis 2023. Alle Schritte der Datensichtung und -extraktion wurden von zwei Reviewern unabhängig voneinander durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse: Für die Überprüfung der verfügbaren Evidenz wurden insgesamt 22.345 Datensätze identifiziert und gesichtet. Abschließend konnten vier Volltexte eingeschlossen werden. Die Interventionen richten sich neben Mitarbeitenden des Rettungsdiensts auch an andere Berufsgruppen. Alle Trainings sind modular aufgebaut. Die psychosozialen Widerstandsressourcen sind vielfältig. In drei von vier Studien können kleine Ergebnisse belegt werden; eine Intervention erhöht die Selbstwirksamkeit der Teilnehmenden.
Diskussion: Es gibt weltweit keine spezifischen Konzepte, die sich explizit an Mitarbeitende des Rettungsdiensts richten. Gezielte Interventionen sind aufgrund der hohen Belastungen der Berufsgruppe erforderlich.
Die Publikation untersucht die Einordnung der Führung in den Managementkontext und stellt das Konzept "Digital Leadership" als neue Managementkompetenz vor. Sie identifiziert Grundanforderungen an die Führungsrolle und betont die Herausforderungen für Führungskräfte in der digitalen Arbeitswelt. Dabei wird die Vielfalt der Grundanforderungen an die Führung aufgezeigt, indem die Wahl des Führungsstils, der Faktor „Motivation“ und das KLARA-Prinzip hervorgehoben werden. Der digitale Wandel erfordert die Anpassung der führenden Personen an die Herausforderungen der digitalen Transformation und die Fähigkeit, sich in verschiedene Führungsrollen hineinzuversetzen.
Die Publikation untersucht Home-Office im Kontext des "Digital Leadership", erörtert technische, organisatorische und führungspolitische Anforderungen und beleuchtet Chancen sowie Risiken dieser Arbeitsform. Es wird ein Überblick zur aktuellen Home-Office Situation in Deutschland gegeben. Zudem werden die Unternehmen "Compart AG" und "Microsoft" als Best-Practice-Beispiele hervorgehoben. Ziel ist es, die Voraussetzungen und erfolgreiche Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten des Home-Office zu analysieren.
Die Publikation analysiert die Arbeitssituation im Home-Office in Deutschland und identifiziert Anforderungen an Führungskräfte und Mitarbeiter. Führungskräfte sollten den partizipativen Führungsstil anwenden, die Fähigkeit zu motivieren besitzen sowie moderne Technologien nutzen. Mitarbeiter werden zu Eigenmotivation, Feedback und eigenverantwortlichem Arbeiten angehalten. Positive Aspekte der Telearbeit sind Flexibilität und Zeitersparnis, während fehlende Tätigkeitseignung und mangelnde Interaktion als Nachteile gelten. Die Handlungsempfehlungen, welche in Form von Checklisten gestaltet sind, beschreiben die Anforderungen an Führungskräfte und Mitarbeiter an die Telearbeit. Das Fazit in Kapitel drei rundet die Ergebnisse ab.
Das Hauptziel der Arbeit ist die Analyse der o.g. Anforderungen und die Ableitung von Handlungsempfehlungen für das Home-Office.
OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a large open database for geographic data created and maintained by volunteers. OSM's main data use is rendering an extremely detailed map of the world. Data quality is an important issue for applications like routing of pedestrians to public transport facilities. In this report we describe different schemes for mapping bus stops in OSM and we provide statistics on usage of those schemes, the good ones and the not so good ones.
Electrical and thermal measurements were conducted during the plasma electrolytic polishing (PEP) of cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) materials to characterize energetic aspects of the process in relation to the temporal development of the gaseous layer near the workpiece. The power transferred to the workpiece is determined using a calorimetric probe and employing the time derivative of the temperature curve. It shows distinct heating phases due to the generation of the gaseous layer. At the beginning of the process, a typical power of 367 ± 17 W is transferred to the workpiece of a surface area of 14 cm2. At longer process times, a stabilized gaseous layer limits the power transferred to the workpiece to 183 ± 3 W. In an attempt to describe the heat transferred to the electrolyte, the electrolyte temperature was measured using a thermocouple situated 15 mm away from the workpiece. The local electrolyte temperature increases from 70 to 81 °C for an immersion depth of 20 mm. Moreover, the spatiotemporal development of the electrolyte temperature was obtained by 2D-hydrodynamic modeling using COMSOL Multiphysics®. The modeling results for the local temporal temperature development are in excellent agreement with the experimental values when the turbulent model is applied up to t = 65 s. Afterward, the laminar model leads to a better agreement. Furthermore, line scan x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that aliphatic carbon was preferentially removed. Only a slight compositional gradient in the vertical direction after the PEP process was observed.
Model predictive control (MPC) is a promising approach to the lateral and longitudinal control of autonomous vehicles. However, the parameterization of the MPC with respect to high-level requirements such as passenger comfort, as well as lateral and longitudinal tracking, is challenging. Numerous tuning parameters and conflicting requirements need to be considered. In this paper, we formulate the MPC tuning task as a multi-objective optimization problem. Its solution is demanding for two reasons: First, MPC-parameterizations are evaluated in a computationally expensive simulation environment. As a result, the optimization algorithm needs to be as sample-efficient as possible. Second, for some poor parameterizations, the simulation cannot be completed; therefore, useful objective function values are not available (for instance, learning with crash constraints). In this work, we compare the sample efficiency of multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO), a genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), and multiple versions of Bayesian optimization (BO). We extend BO by introducing an adaptive batch size to limit the computational overhead. In addition, we devise a method to deal with crash constraints. The results show that BO works best for a small budget, NSGA-II is best for medium budgets, and none of the evaluated optimizers are superior to random search for large budgets. Both proposed BO extensions are, therefore, shown to be beneficial.
Hypotrochoidal profile contours have been produced in industrial applications in recent years using two-spindle processes, and they are considered effective high-quality solutions for form-fit shaft and hub connections. This study mainly concerns analytical approaches to determine the stresses and deformations in hypotrochoidal profile shafts due to pure bending loads. The formulation was developed according to bending principles using the mathematical theory of elasticity and conformal mappings. The loading was further used to investigate the rotating bending behaviour. The stress factors for the classical calculation of maximum bending stresses were also determined for all those profiles presented and compiled in the German standard DIN3689-1 for practical applications. The results were also compared with the corresponding numerical and experimental results, and very good agreement was observed. Additionally, based on previous work, the stress factor was determined for the case of torsional loading to calculate the maximum torsional stresses in the standardised profiles, and the results are listed in a table. This study contributes to the further refinement of the current DIN3689 standard.
The purpose of this article is to revise the literature on how theories have been utilized in investigating third-parties (for example, Non-Governmental Organizations, certifying organizations, among others) in Sustainable Supply Chain Management. Based on that, we derive future research directions. For revising the literature in a structured manner, the articles use the systematic literature review as the method of choice. Only half of the identified articles utilize theories for investigating third-parties in Sustainable Supply Chain Management. In addition, major theories are overweighed. This predomination leads to influencing the conceptualization of third-parties in Sustainable Supply Chain Management. Future research opportunities exist in broadening the utilization of theories and methods applied in the field, investing in under-explored aspects and broadening the scope of testing and building frameworks. Based on the synthesizing, propositions supplement future research directions. The novelty of this article lies in its investigation of how theories have been used in investigating and conceptualizing third-parties in Sustainable Supply Chain Management. By that, it contributes with a state-of-the-art view on the important topic of sustainability and how third-parties could solve sustainability challenges. With that, the article is a first attempt and step for extending the academic literature and practice with rethinking classic ways of managing sustainability and utilize out of the box ideas.
This paper embeds the early political economy of Friedrich August von Hayek in the intellectual milieu of German ordoliberalism. The urgency during the 1930s and 1940s to stabilize the disintegrating societal orders is identified as a crucial driver behind the parallelisms between Hayek and the ordoliberals. Their shared theoretical position is that in such moments, liberty can thrive sustainably only after a framework of general and stable rules has been established. Hayek’s proximity to ordoliberalism was most explicitly discernible in The Road to Serfdom and at the founding meeting of the Mont Pèlerin Society in 1947, culminating in the shared politico-economic vision of the competitive order. The contextual nature of Hayek’s ordoliberalism surfaced in the years after The Constitution of Liberty when his focus shifted, along with the postwar intellectual and institutional stabilization of the West: from how stable orders enable liberty, to how liberty enables the evolution of orders.
The labor market is confronted with social, environmental, and economic developments that affect working conditions and individual labor relations. Lately, the Covid-19 pandemic has demonstrated and reinforced the importance of inclusive growth and sustainable work relationships. In this chapter, the smart job factory, a metamodel that supports the creation of new forms of work by redefining roles in labor, is introduced. The smart job factory is based on social entrepreneurship principles to drive innovative, sustainable, and long-term solutions to social challenges. For practical application, the model can be translated into a software solution that supports employers in the assessment of current working conditions and job roles within their companies and helps to redefine work relationships and to create new jobs. Thus, the smart job factory supports the labor market transition by systematically and proactively shaping new forms of work based on the triple bottom line of sustainable development.
In diesem Band finden sich das Programm, die Sektionsbeschreibungen und die Abstracts der Vorträge des 15. Deutschen Lusitanistentages, der in der Zeit vom 19.09.-23.09.2023 an der Westsächsischen Hochschule Zwickau stattgefunden hat.
Die Autoren bringen langjährige Erfahrung in verschiedenen Industriebranchen und der akademischen Ausbildung im Lean- und Project and Process Management mit sich. Im Rahmen der beruflichen Tätigkeit und der akademischen Arbeit hat sich immer wieder die Frage gestellt, wie die Philosophie des Lean Management mit den Aufgaben des Projekt Management Office interagieren können. Viele Ansätze des Lean Management, vor allem organisatorische Methoden zeigen eine breite Anwendungsmöglichkeit und sollten somit auch dem Projekt Management Office (PMO) hilfreich sein. Vor einiger Zeit hat sich schon der Begriff des Lean Office [YDF01] etabliert, der aber sowohl in der Büroorganisation als auch der Dokumentenpflege Ansatz findet. Im Rahmen des PMO soll dieser Lean Office auf die bereitzustellenden Prozesse und deren Integration ins Enterprise Ressource Planning Anwendung finden. Je schlanker und effizienter die Projekt- und Programmprozesse einer Organisation aufgestellt werden, desto leichter können diese abgebildet und in die Enterprise Ressource Planning (ERP)-Datenlandschaft übertragen werden. Somit wird ein solider Grundstein über den gesamten Produktprozess gelegt - von der Entwicklung, über die Herstellung bis hin zur schlussendlichen Verwertung schlank, effizient, automatisiert und digitalisiert abgebildet zu sein.
In diesem Artikel sollen einige Aspekte des nachhaltigen Reportings im Sinne der EU-Richtlinien betrachtet werden. Inhaltlich wird die nachhaltige Unternehmensführung unter den Gesichtspunkten der Beschreibung und dem Einfluss der Neuregelung der Transparenzrichtlinien und Offenlegungspflichten auf die Unternehmen fokussiert. Weiterhin wird ein überblicksartiger Einblick in dafür notwendige nachhaltige unternehmerische Prozesse und deren Standards aufgezeigt. Abschließend wird dessen Bezug im Sinne des Reportings sowie eine kritische Bewertung betrachtet.
The book is the first of four volumes on data science and artificial intelligence. This first volume covers fundamentals of data science: an introduction to Python programming, software libraries for data management, techniques for working with big data. It contains many exercises and projects with real-world data.
Ziel dieses Beitrags ist die Analyse der folgenden Fragen an das Wahlprogramm Bolsonaros für die brasilianischen Präsidentschaftswahlen 2018: Was sind die Folgen bezüglich des Inhalts und des Ethos des Kandidaten dessen, dass sein Wahlprogramm in Form einer Power Point-Präsentation publiziert wird? Welche Funktion haben die religiösen Textteile für das Ethos des Kandidaten? Welche explizite und implizite Hierarchie der sittlichen Güter und Werte lässt sich aus diesem Programm rekonstruieren? Unter anderem wird die Kohärenz zwischen der Hierarchie der sittlichen Güter, die Privateigentum und nicht das menschliche Leben als höchstes sittliches Gut betrachtet, und der während seiner Regierung verfolgten Nekroplitik aufgewiesen
This paper deals with systematic approaches for the analysis of stability properties and controller design for nonlinear dynamical systems. Numerical methods based on sum-of-squares decomposition or algebraic methods based on quantifier elimination are used. Starting from Lyapunov’s direct method, these methods can be used to derive conditions for the automatic verification of Lyapunov functions as well as for the structural determination of control laws. This contribution describes methods for the automatic verification of (control) Lyapunov functions as well as for the constructive determination of control laws.
Sometimes cranioplasty is necessary to reconstruct skull bone defects after a neurosurgical operation. If an autologous bone is unavailable, alloplastic materials are used. The standard technical approach for the fabrication of cranial implants is based on 3D imaging by computed tomography using the defect and the contralateral site. A new approach uses 3D surface scans, which accurately replicate the curvature of the removed bone flap. For this purpose, the removed bone flap is scanned intraoperatively and digitized accordingly. When using a design procedure developed for this purpose creating a patient-specific implant for each bone flap shape in short time is possible. The designed skull implants have complex free-form surfaces analogous to the curvature of the skull, which is why additive manufacturing is the ideal manufacturing technology here. In this study, we will describe the intraoperative procedure for the acquisition of scanned data and its further processing up to the creation of the implant.
Dynamically loaded structures made of thermoplastic polymers have been extensively exploited in several demanding industries. Due to the viscoelastic and thermal properties of thermoplastic polymers, self-heating is generally inevitable, especially during dynamic deformations at high frequencies. Therefore, the thermoplastic polyether ether ketone (PEEK), with its high temperature resistance and high specific strength, is a particularly ideal candidate for dynamically loaded applications. Using scanning laser Doppler vibrometry and infrared thermography, an experimental study of the vibration characteristics and the vibration-induced heating of flat-sheet PEEK specimens was carried out. The specimens were base-excited by means of a piezoelectric actuator at high frequencies in the range between 1 and 16 kHz. As a result, a maximum temperature rise of approximately 6.4 K was detected for the highest investigated excitation. A high correlation between the spatial distribution of the velocity along the beam’s axial direction and the resulting temperature increase was measured. To summarize, the occurring self-heating of PEEK due to the dissipation of vibrational energy has to be critically considered for dynamically loaded structural applications, especially areas with high displacement amplitudes, such as antinodes, which yield the highest temperature increase.
The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of different disinfection protocols in a novel Enterococcus faecalis biofilm model based on a visualization method and to evaluate the potential alteration of dentinal surface. A total of 120 extracted human premolars were allocated to 6 groups with different irrigation protocols. The assessment of the effectiveness of each protocol and the alteration of dentinal surface were visualized by using SEM and fluorescence microscopy (DAPI). A dense E. faecalis biofilm with a penetration depth of 289 μm (medial part of the root canal) and 93 μm (apical part) validated that the biofilm model had been successfully implemented. A significant difference between the 3% NaOCl groups and all the other groups in both observed parts of the root canal (p < 0.05) was detected. However, the SEM analysis revealed that the dentinal surface in the 3% NaOCl groups was severely altered. The established biofilm model and the visualization method based on DAPI are appropriate for bacterial quantification and evaluation of the depth effect of different disinfection protocols in the root canal system. The combination of 3% NaOCl with 20% EDTA or MTAD with PUI allows the decontamination of deeper dentine zones within the root canal but simultaneously alters the dentinal surface.
This article aims to identify the status quo of sustainability covenants firstly, secondly analyze their possibilities in enhancing sustainability performance and thirdly present further research directions. Covenants are additional contractual agreements mainly used in financial contracts, e.g. loans. They often focus on financial performance indicators, e.g., equity and net debt ratio, which the borrower must fulfil. However, the purpose of this article is to present a new approach to non-financial covenants, so-called sustainability covenants. Therefore, also nowadays ecological and social challenges are addressed. Banks have a huge impact on sustainable development by introducing more non-financial indicators in evaluating the creditability of borrowers. As a key hypothesis, this article argues that the approach of integrating ecological and social objectives through non-financial covenants is underrepresented in economic and business practice. Therefore, this article wants to examine how those objectives can be integrated into the financial concept of covenants and rely on research towards an integrative sustainability approach. In addition, a systematic literature review was conducted from October 2022 to July 2023 to analyze the status quo and derive future research directions. The review was based on two databases – Google Scholar and Scopus. As one key result, it was revealed that there is scarce existing literature on sustainability covenants, which refers to them as a policy measure. Only a few publications analyze their usage in financial contracts. However, this study implies the necessity for further research on sustainability covenants, emphasizing that they are powerful indicators to enhance the sustainability performance of the borrower.