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The world of engineering has changed significantly over the last years. Increased time to market, cost and produce variety constraints lead, next to the introduction of new engineering technologies and tools, to the implementation of new engineering processes, such as Simultaneous Engineering. The Rover Group started with the implementation of Simultaneous Engineering Principles within their development departments at the beginning of the 90's. The requirements towards the realisation of Simultaneous Engineering within their development projects changed when the Rover Group started working and developing products with BMW in 1994. Within this Diploma the intake manifold development process for the NG4 engine, the first joint developed combustion engine between the Powertrain sections of BMW and Rover, will be analysed. The basis for the analysed. The basis for the analysis of the Simultaneous Engineering Process are SE-Principles, based on literature research, which will be estimated on their degree of realisation within the development process. In the final part of the Diploma some recommendations regarding the creation of future Powertrain Engineering processes are given, in particular, focus on the improvement of the international co-operation between the development departments of BMW and Rover Group. It is to note, a lot of basic project information used for the analysis and recommendation within this Diploma are based on UK development sources. Not all statements given within this Diploma might be valid for the Munich based BMW departments or the manufacturing section. <!-- #h:dissdiplDevelopment.doc# -->
At first an indroduction is given to lidar, atmospheric basics, include scattering and absorption, and different experiments using lidar in space. Then it's shown how you can determine aerosol layers using LITE data. Two different kinds of Color Rations will analyzed on these aerosol layers. To calculate Color Rations it's necessary to calibrate the LITE data in the 352 nm and the 1064 nm wavelength. A calibration ratio is used, because of problems with the calabration in the 1064 nm channel.<br> The Attenued Totel Color Ration can be used to distinguish betweeen clouds and aerosols. This will be done for the Orbit 55 on single shot and averaged shot data, and for more averaged shot data in other Orbits. On the other hand the Particle Color Ratio, which is analyzed from the top of the layer with the Top Skimming Technique, can be used to find out what kind of particle is it.
The role accomlished by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules in initiating and regulating immune respouses, binding short pepticles and displaying them on the cell surface for recoguition by Tiell receptors, is of the atmost importance in immunlogogy. However, only a subset of peptider is capable of binding to any particular MHC molecule. The study was undertaken to rationalize MHC/ peptide interactions in terms of molecular structural requirements for the prediction of class I MHC buding peptides. Prediction of buding activities by means of computational methods can minimize experimental assays, and lead to the development of vaceines and immune-therapeutie drugs.
was ist HIV/AIDS? Wie ist HIV/AIDS verbreitet in der Welt? HIV/AIDS in Tanzania: heute und in Zukunft Auswirkungen von AIDS auf Struktur und Zusammensetzung der Arbeitskräfte in Tanzania -> ableitend davon Auswirkungen auf betriebe, auf die Wirtschaftallgemein, auf verschiedene Wirtschaftszweige -> außerdem inwieweit AIDS den einzelnen Haushalt betrifft, insbesondere Frauen Zusammenspiel von Armut und AIDS
Diese empirische Diplomarbeit in englischer Sprache wirft einen Blick auf den Status Quo des Estnischen HIV/AIDS Präventionssystems und entwirft Hypothesen und Vorschläge, dessen Wirkung zu verbessern. Die Grundlage bilden qualitative Interviews mit Schlüsselpersonen, welche die Phänomene Konsens, Kooperation und Kapazitätenschaffung sowie deren Bedeutung für die Estnische HIV/AIDS Prävention untersuchen. Bei diesen Phänomenen handelt es sich um wichtige und bisher unbestimmte Problemfelder, welche zum Teil den Widerspruch zwischen einer erfolgreichen politischen und ökonomischen Transition Estlands und der hohen HIV Prävalenzrate erklären. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit beziehen sich auf das existierende Qualitätsmanagement von NGOs, die horizontale Kooperation von NGOs und die vertikale Kooperation von Staat und NGOs. Darüber hinaus wird der Aspekt der Führung sowie das Estnische Präventionsprogramm aus Mitteln des Globalen Found zur Bekämpfung von AIDS, Tuberkulose und Malaria betrachtet.
This paper describes a project developed to establish strategies to minimize stigmatisation and discrimination related to tuberculosis (TB). The fact that one-third of the worlds\' population is infected by TB supported the need for this project. Stigmatization towards infected people doubles the huge burden of the disease. Strong negative consequences, such as economic, social and psychological impact on individuals\' lives are well documented. Stigma prevents patients from seeking health care attention and prohibits providers from delivering effective treatment and high quality care. To understand the context of TB stigmatisation, a global survey was implemented to collect expert views on the main causes, consequences and methods to reduce TB related stigma. Survey findings influenced the development of strategies to minimize TB related stigma and discrimination, and have been integrated into an information and action toolkit developed for nurses around the world. The toolkit, titled - TB and Stigma: A Double Burden -, will be published by the International Council of Nurses in late 2005. Key methods will be available in the - Global TB/MDR-TB Resource Centre - at the following web link: http://www.icn.ch/tb/index.html
Subject of the thesis is the development and testing of a laboratory setup for test measurements of acoustic neutrino detectors in ice environments. The preparation of clear ice was one major part of the thesis. Different sound sources, piezos and lasers, have been used as sound sources. The development of a directed sound source, basing on a parabolic reflector, is described in the thesis. Finally, the temperature behavior of acoutic neutrino detectors was investigated.
The objective of this work is to provide some useful tools to foreign investors intentioned to make business in Turkey, giving a general overview of the country. Political, economic, social as well as environmental characteristics are described in order to give a global point of view on this emerging market. Besides, four selected industrial sectors are analyzed and possible business opportunities for each sector have been indicated. In this sense, some considerations on the potentialities of Turkish market are given on the basis of two chances and risks profiles, one in the case that Turkey will become a full member of the European Union and the other in the case that it will maintain the actual status of simply associated partner.
Developing of a marketing-mix for Duerr Ecoclean for the modified Spray Cleaning Machine "Jeto 84W". Duerr Ecoclean already established its business within the Chinese Automotive Industry and is now trying to touch the Chinese Component Industry. Therefore, they are looking for a suitable strategy to enter this market. The thesis included an analysis of the market environment, customer base, and competitor structure to develop a fitting marketing-mix to implement the Spray Cleaning Machine "Jeto 84W".
Die Diplomarbeit umfasst die Analyse der für den Prüfstand notwendigen Geräte, den Aufbau des Prüfstandes und die Programmierung von kundenspezifischen Applikationen mittels LabVIEW.
The aim of this Diploma Thesis is the adjustment and optimization of an existing turbocharged diesel engine on the much promising HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) Combustion Technique in base on adapted piston geometries and injecting strategies. This adjustment is focused on the simulation of the complete engine, while suitable simulation programs for the different subsystems of the engine. On base of the 1-D simulation routine AMESim (Imagine) the Injector of the Common Rail System, and thus the injecting behaviour is simulated. Afterwards the results are used in the 3-D CFD program FIRE (AVL), in order to represent a Single Cylinder Engine of the overall system. The Conclusion forms the simulation of the overall diesel engine on the base of the simulation routine BOOST (AVL).
Experimental and theoretical investigation of mechanical stresses in Through-Silicon-Vias (TSV)
(2007)
In the work an experimental and theoretical investigation of the influence on the wafer bending of Through-Silicon-Vias (TSV) and their processing is presented. In a first step the influence of the anisotropic material properties of silicon and the thicknesses of an oxide hard mask and a tungsten film were analyzed at room temperature and as a function of the temperature up to 500 °C. For this purpose, the wafer bow was determined experimentally. In a second step, the analysis was extended to structured wafers. Wafers with Through-Silicon-Vias were etched and coated subsequently with several films. The wafer bow at room temperature was monitored stepwise. The theoretical analysis of bow and stress was done by using the Finite-Element-Program ANSYS. Models for unstructured wafers with various films were developed and the results compared with the experimental bow. For structured wafers, a model of a single via was generated; local deformations, stresses and the stress distribution were determined. To attempt the simulation of fully structured wafers, an effective medium model was developed as first step approximation.
Optimierung der logistischen Kette bei ElectroMagnetic GeoServices (emgs) - Analyse der wirtschaftlichen Effizienz bei Versendung und Lagerung von Ersatzteilen in Asien vor der Bedarfsentstehung
With the introduction of more and more stringent exhaust emission limitations for diesel engines by the legislation, engine and vehicle manufactures looking for solutions to meet this legislation limits with minimal hardware changes. In the present study experiments were performed to find possible solutions to meet TIER-4a emission limits without using a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF). Two similar medium duty diesel engines were chosen to demonstrate this only by changing the fuel injection hardware and calibration. The study was divided into an investigation of the benefit of higher injection pressures while the second part concentrated on the investigation of multiple injection effects. It was found that with the use of high injection pressures from 1800 bar upwards together with high exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates the targets can be fulfilled with a single injection. This test was performed at the rated speed 100% load point. The multiple injection experiments demonstrated that the use of an early large pilot injection together with an close post injection can reduce the NOx and smoke emissions efficiently. It was found that with this injection strategy the TIER-4a emission targets can be achieved with a railpressure of only 1300 bar and lower EGR rate of 15% at a mid speed 75% load point (mode-6). The set of experiments also included a investigation into another efficient possibility to achieve TIER-4a emission standards with the use of a DPF but without the use of an EGR system. It was found that with the use of an early pilot injection and a retarded main injection timing it is possible to reduce the NOx formation to achieve the 3 g/kWh NOx limit.
In the present work of thesis, exhaust gas temperature transients of different diesel electric hybrid configurations equipped to a mid-size European passenger car were evaluated through numerical simulation. Different degrees of hybridization, from micro to mild hybrids, based on General Motors BAS powertrain architecture, enabling different hybridization strategies, were taken into account in order to obtain a preliminary assessment of the impact of micro and mild hybridization on the exhaust aftertreatment system's efficiency over the regulated New European Driving Cycle. Thereto, the simulation software GT-SUITE featuring an one dimensional code was used to build a model of the reference vehicle with conventional powertrain, to which the corresponding BAS configurations were later equipped. The simulated exhaust gas temperature transients were then compared and evaluated.
The thesis explains the economic and political motivation of China's drive towards Africa, the political framework for this and the approach to the African continent via trade, investment and aid. The Sino-African cooperation is exemplified by the countries Angola, Sudan, Zimbabwe, Nigeria, Kenya and South Africa. Finally several points of criticism and the perceptions of the Western world towards China's engagement with Africa will be examined.
Qualification of tool to tool matching of a color image inspection system for wafer backsides
(2010)
This diploma thesis deals with the qualification of the color image inspection of a wafer backside inspection system as a means of defect detection. Currently, the color image is used to provide a quick overview and visual impression of the wafer backside. The goal of the diploma thesis is to qualify the color image inspection to comply with all requirements of tool to tool matching. As a given standard, the existing hardware design of the wafer backside inspection system can not be altered and has to be used in its current state. Potential causes of uncertainty introduced by this hardware design will be accounted for. The main focus of the diploma thesis will be the investigation of the three main factors influencing the color image inspection. These factors are the detected intensity, the contrast and the image sharpness. Their adjustability, repeatability, reproducibility and effect on the tool to tool matching are going to be quantified, necessary improvements will be formulated and the implementation of these improvements is going to be tested. Additionally, new and existing software factors influencing defect detection will be investigated with regard to their effect on the tool to tool matching. Lastly, based on the findings of the diploma thesis, a series of suggestions will be formulated. They will help to plan additional qualification steps, if necessary, and provide the basis for composing a guideline to achieve tool to tool matching for all systems in the field.
Cloud Computing has had an impact on the computer science in recent years. Instead of the traditional way, where the using and providing of hardware resources and software are inflexible, Cloud Computing represents a pool of scalable, on-demand and easily available Cloud Services. These are differentiated by infrastructure, platform or software and are provided by a Cloud Service provider. An example of a service provider is a business software provider. Due to this of business software customers are increasingly are interested in a shift to Cloud Computing. Customers want to appreciate the advantages of Cloud Computing, such as the reduction of business expenditures generally or make business more flexible. This Bachelor Thesis analyses Cloud Computing's possibilities and advantages, especially Cloud Services, to forming the basis of expanding business software providers' product portfolio. The analyses results the concept for providing existing software components as a Cloud Service, without radically altering component configuration. This is used by a number of actors types and points out the advantage of using Cloud Services in different ways. Finally, a prototype implementation analysis the technical feasibility of the concept and represents a basis for conclusion and outlook
The here presented work is about the development of an atom pair descriptor based virtual screening system. In the beginning the fundamentals are explained which are the base of the following chapters. The chemical data file formats, the term descriptor as well as the enrichment factor and the process of benchmarking is discussed. In the main part the development of the virtual screening system is explained and afterwards the results on the bcr-abl kinase target protein are interpreted. For the development of the virtual screening system the realization of the atom pair descriptor, the different similarity methods and their selection is discussed. Also the clustering and the functio-nality of the virtual screening system are explained. Afterwards the results of the bcr-abl kinase screening are discussed and the functionality of the virtual screening system is evaluated. Finally a conclusion is given where set goals and achieved outcomes are compared and an outlook for possible future projects is presented.
Integrating Message-Based Load Distribution for Asynchronous Processes in an Enterprise Application
(2011)
With the ever-growing need for more scalable and fault-tolerant enterprise-level intranet and extranet solutions, application vendors are trying to prepare their products for multiple-machine environments. Apart from the traditional clustering approach of balancing and distributing user requests equally over several nodes, applications can be designed to handle greater loads by allowing designated background processes to run independently and be scaled separately from the main business logic and client request handling processes. Liferay Portal, a web-based enterprise-level portal and CMS solution developed by the company of the same name, already offers support for modeling a multi-node setup by utilizing well-known clustering paradigms in the manner of search index replication or cache invalidation as well as taking the application server's session replication mechanisms into account. Its upcoming release, however, will introduce long-running, CPU-bound features like creating document previews and encoding video or audio files , which will intensify the need for a concept that allows for queuing and equally distributing processor time
Conceptual design of load balanced streaming of multimedia data within shared web applications
(2011)
In this master's thesis it has been researched the possibility of a network of shared web applications in a server-supported (hybrid) peer-to-peer network where peers retransmit specified parts of the progressively download (streamed) multimedia data, with focus on economically bandwidth usage. A conceptual design of a real-world peer-to-peer video-on-demand service, controlled by a central server, was developed, including a payment procedure for commercial use. Different network overlay scenarios were proposed and their advantages and disadvantages were discussed. Bandwidth calculations have supported those predications. Algorithms for dynamically handling changes in the network structure were developed. Communication protocols were conceptualized accordant to the needs of the proposed shared applications. Methods for keeping the quality of experience high were discussed. A zipper mode, higher-level slice structure for the data was proposed, and enhanced to a multiple-stream system for sending and receiving data. Error and data loss handling procedures were designed.
With the launch of a new vehicle model Rolls-Royce Motorcars had to face a dramatic volume increase from 300% more cars being build in existing structure and facilities in the Test and Finish Area. This massive volume increase required a revisiting of the process flow of cars through this Test and Finish Area to show optimisation potential and possible improvements to work packages and sequence of operation. Furthermore it will be necessary to implement those improvements to cope increased future throughput targets. To find optimisation and improvement potentials it was essential to analyse the entire area. In doing so every single station and work package was analysed. In addition to this a simulation model was used to confirm the highlighted problems and bottlenecks. Furthermore it was possible to investigate the influence of certain measures. In a following step it was the aim to show a way how a permanent and stable vehicle flow is achievable. According to that an action plan was developed, which shows clear measures to cope not only future but also the current production volume. In doing so it was possible to gain a transparency into the processes. Furthermore the process flow was optimised into a pull strategy to improve respectively implement a takt adherence.
THE CHINESE EXCHANGE RATE
(2011)
The aim of this work is the analysis of characteristic properties of fuel jets in internal combustion engines for steady and transient spray velocities by means of CFD. The simulations were done using DNS. The used software is Gerris. Calculations with different Reynolds numbers, Weber numbers and density ratios were done. The adaptations of an already existing simulation file included the implementation of necessary output capabilities. The analysis of obtained data was done by previously created macros. The obtained non-dimensional results give information on penetration, number of droplets, SMD and droplets size distribution. One calculation was compared to experimental data.
The objective of this document is to design a connection between the devices of the two technologies SunSpec and Smart Energy 2.0 without the establishment of security backdoors. Smart Energy 2.0 devices should be able to gather data from SunSpec devices and modify writable registers for controlling purposes. Among other alternatives, the gateway proves itself as the most realistic and reasonable option and is chosen for further investigations. The connectivity requirements for such a device are analysed and mentioned. Interoperability between both networks is the core function of the gateway and established by the development of a Smart Energy 2.0 function set that implements the ability to represent SunSpec devices as resources in the Smart Energy 2.0 network. The gateway utilizes existing and introduces new mechanisms that maintain the high standard of security in Smart Energy 2.0 without any drawbacks. The document shows fundamental architectural approach and generally explains the functional and security mechanisms, but does not describe a complete gateway implementation.
As one of the key technologies involved in communication networks, all-optical switching has witnessed many research efforts during the last decade. This work presents a detailed investigation of the properties and attractive interaction of spatial solitons in nematic liquid crystals for all-optical switching devices. This includes a description of basic properties such as their multimode behavior, as well as their power dependent interactions and signal steering. Furthermore, the temporal performance of an all-optical switching setup is analyzed and discussed. Thanks to their long-range, phase and wavelength independent interactions at milliwatts powers, and despite their slow response time in switching applications, nematicons proved to be an extremely promising testbed for soliton-based devices, including signal waveguides and power-dependent spatial steering devices.
Ferroelectric doped hafnium oxide might be able to revive the ferroelectric memory as a candidate for future non-volatile memories. Recent publications have reported ferroelectricity in HfO2 films deposited via physical vapor deposition (PVD) and thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD). Within this thesis, such layers have been fabricated by a plasma enhanced ALD process for the first time. Using an O2 remote plasma to oxidize TEMAHf and TMAl, respectively, Al:HfO2 stacks with different compositions have been deposited. Sputter deposited TiN was used as bottom and top electrode to form metal-insulator-metal capacitors. Compared to the PVD or thermal ALD films reported in literature, the plasma enhanced ALD films exhibited one to two orders higher leakage current at 1 V. The root of this higher leakage are oxygen vacancies as well as carbon and nitrogen impurities in the range of several at%. Despite the consequential perturbing effects, the main trends reported earlier are discernable. Just these perturbing effects turn out to substantiate the current explanation of a ferroelectric phase as route source for the observed electrical behavior.
The People's Republic of China has had the aim of a (socialist) market economy since 1976. Nevertheless, it is still under dictatorial control. In this paper it is analysed if the Chinese political system is compatible with a market economy and in which way the classification of a socialist market economy is justified. Finally, an explanation why the term sino-capitalism fits for the Chinese economic system best will be given.
Turbidity currents play a significant role within the global sediment cycle, and are important for environmental processes as well as the formation of hydrocarbon reservoirs. A special kind of turbidity currents are tubidity currents with reversing buoy- ancy. Hyperpycnal flows are one kind of turbidity currents with reversing buoyancy. There exist numerous experimental studies of these flows but no simulations. This thesis deals with reversing-buoyancy turbidity currents. The propagation of the flow front over time and the later lift-off are investigated on the basis of the results from Sparks et al. (1993). Furthermore the interaction of the current with obstacles is analyzed by means of the work from Stevenson & Peakall (2010). Hereby a closer look at deposit patterns caused by various obstacle positions and dimensions, is taken. Towards this end a highly parallel three-dimensional Navier-Stokes Direct Numerical Simulation code is used.
This work analyzes and evaluates different approaches to translate UML state machines into C++ code. The first part of this thesis covers the ground of transforming information of a source language to a target language. It addresses the basics of language theory and different approaches of language transformation. The second part examines the properties and formalisms of state machines to value their characteristics for further reuse in the development cycle. The third part disassembles the programming language C++ with all its quirks and oddities. The last part puts all mentioned pieces together. Beyond this approach the thesis tries to point out several concepts of language engineering to ease the use of software languages for the language user as well as the language engineer. It scrutinizes diverging solutions with the resulting consequences.
With the help of the Laser-Speckle phenomenon different in-vivo diagnostic applications can be performed at the surfaces of different tissues such as the skin, the retinal skin and the cerebral cortex. In this study the Laser light scattering phenomenon is used to measure blood flow and hemoglobin concentration change. There are a lot of different approaches to perform these investigations for example with single-mode or multi-mode fibers. A comparison between the two illumination systems is presented together with an experimental setup. The results show that both of the approaches are feasible under specific conditions. Both fiber illumination systems have their advantages and limitations in fulfilling different tasks. The two approaches are tested and evaluated to propose specific applications for every illumination system. With these results future uses of the proposed methods are encouraged.
China has become one of the largest economies world wide. While China itself used to receive huge amounts of FDI or aid from developed countries, it is now in the position to support less developed coutries. Cambodia is an example for such an LDC which is strongly supported through development aid and investments from China. This thesis analyses the unique advantages this country is offering to China. In addition, this thesis is trying to evaluate whether both participating countries equally benefit from this partnership.
The title of this thesis is the development of a Standardized Process Controlling and a method for the measurement of plant flexibility using the example of the Automotive Aftermarket (AA) division of the Robert Bosch GmbH. Developing the Standardized Process Controlling based on literature review and an analysis of existing procedures at the company. The approach consists of an instruction for process development and a reporting tool to control it after implementation. It is tested on three already existing processes as well as on the development of the Plant Flexibility process; establishing the Plant Flexibility measurement on the four aspects of line, volume, time and personnel capacity flexibility. In the application of the Standardized Process Controlling identified problems are used to improve and finalize the approach. As a result an easier implementation of processes as well as an evaluation of their current performance is possible.
Within the bachelor thesis a strategic analysis of the Gulf States and the digital sector was made for the full-service provider T-Systems Multimedia Solutions GmbH, to show new growth opportunities for international business outside the European market and help them deciding whether or not the market approach would be advisable. An observation of the environment of the region of the Gulf States was made. The aim was to get familiar with local market practices such as societal and cultural customs. The two identified target markets Qatar and the United Arab Emirates are examined by giving a brief overview of the two countries by political, economic and social environmental analysis. It was attempted to compare relevant information about Qatar and the United Arab Emirates internationally and with Germany. In order to be able to assess the attractiveness of the ICT market, market volumes and annual growth rates of the Middle East were outlined. Market figures of Middle Eastern countries were compared worldwide and checked against market volumes and growth rates of Western Europe, North America and Asia-Pacific to get the big picture. The competitive situation in the IT market of the Middle East was examined by presenting leading IT service providers. An assessment of the positioning, portfolio and existent strengths and weaknesses has been compared. Market impact was illus- trated in respective service portfolio segments based on analysis of Pierre Audoin Consultants. Opportunities and risks of the ICT market in the Middle East are outlined. Most important sectors and strongest solutions for T-Systems Multimedia Solutions have been identified.
This bachelor thesis focuses on the recent financial crisis that hit many countries one way or another. While the general causes and consequences are explained, the focus is on Spain and how the crisis developed there, in which ways the Spanish government and people were influenced and what measures were taken to restore the country's economy. Special emphasis is also put on the Austrian Business Cycle Theory in order to explain the origin of the financial crisis that started in 2007. All in all, the main aim of this paper is to give a small overview of this global crisis and its impact on Spain.
In dieser Arbeit werden interkulturelle Konflikte zwischen Amerikanern und Chinesen im Unternehmensalltag untersucht. Ziel der Arbeit ist es herauszufinden welche Konfliktlösungsstile Chinesen im Konflikt anwenden.
Methods of analyzing the structural integrity of compound materials under stressed conditions becoming more importantly. Not merely safety and economic reasons demanding a good monitoring of e.g. wind turbine blades or aircraft wings but also ecological ones. The existing strategy for the blades is to replace them at a certain schedule, resulting in unnecessary downtimes and high cost. Several possibilities of an optical structural health monitoring system been examined in this thesis. Both free-space and fiber-based setups are tested and evaluated in their usability. The methods were tested with the objective of embedding them into large-scale polymer structures such as the mentioned fields of application.
This work is aimed to study the effect of two types of stresses/corrosion on different materials used in making of disc brake rotors, atmospheric corrosion and thermal fatigue. The materials chosen were steel (100Cr6), nodular cast iron (GJS-400-15) and Aluminium reinforced silicon carbide (F3S-20S). Specimens of the each material will be subjected to an induced atmospheric corrosion using the salt spray (fog) chamber for two different test durations to simulate atmospheric corrosion. Other specimens of the chosen materials will be subjected to a thermal fatigue test through a repeated heating-cooling cycle. The effects on the materials will be measured by the difference in the values of coefficient of friction and the wear rate before and after the tests are carried out. Analysis of the induced corrosion and thermal fatigue products will be carried out by XRD analysis and microscopic photos of the surfaces. A comparison between the different tested materials will also be performed.