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Level crossings represent high risk for both rail and road users due to the severe consequences of any possible accident. Between 2011-2020, a total of 1602 accidents occurred at level crossings in Germany and resulted in 344 fatalities. Therefore, elimination of accident risk through consolidation of level crossings becomes a priority. However, due to the scarcity of financial resources in comparison to the high costs that level crossings consolidation or safety upgrade projects require, there is a need for the creation of tools that prioritize the level crossings for consolidation projects based on several criteria that is not related to safety only but to social, economic and environmental aspects as well. Such tool would be particularly useful for authorities and decision-makers in Germany to improve the resource allocation process and increase overall safety at German level crossings. In this project, the level crossing prioritization and consolidation models that are applied all over the world are reviewed and analyzed to benefit from the international experiences in this field. Additionally, a literature review to determine the most influencing factors on level crossing safety was performed. After that, a points-based priority score for German level crossings was developed based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology after a pairwise comparison survey was conducted to a selected level crossing group of experts. The developed model assigns a priority score from 1000 points to each level crossing. Crossings could be ranked according to their priority for consolidation and safety upgrade based on the points received as crossings with the highest priority score have a higher priority for elimination.
Vehicular emission is often the main source of air pollution. The chief pollutants react with air and secondary pollutants resulting in adverse effects to the environment. European commission has legislated laws in order to reduce the air pollution from vehicular emissions.
Traffic modelling has been used for many decades and particularly in the last decade, flow of traffic based on vehicle type has been used to estimate emission of polluting gases and particles. Passenger car and Heavy duty Emission Model (PHEM) is used along with microscopic traffic flow simulation software VISSIM (In German: Verkehr In Städten – SIMulationsmodell meaning "Traffic in cities - simulation model") for estimation of major two major pollutants of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides) and particulate matter emitted from passenger cars and heavy-duty vehicles, based on their technical performance characteristics in a traffic flow at a typical German motorway segment. With a country’s fixed fleet composition for a particular year, PHEM gives fuel consumption and emission as outputs using fuel types used (diesel or petrol) and based on the trajectories of the vehicles.
This study is planned to exploit the developments and investigate the validation of this software with HBEFA. Different 25 scenarios are created for a German motorway segment with varying traffic behaviours; and the emission results between two emission modelling software tools are compared.
Railways is one of the most important ways of transporting people and goods from place to another in the whole world. In Germany, it comes as the second most used way of transport. The German railways network is so big and covers the whole maps of Germany. That is why it is so important to develop and improve the performance of it. At this thesis work, the performance of every route at the German railways is calculated using a digital model which is created in PTV Visum software using the programming language python. Furthermore, the workload of every node (junction) at the German Railways is calculated, and according to that, recommendations to build an overpass structure at the overloaded Junctions is suggested to improve the capacity of this Junctions.
The Faculty of Languages at the University of Applied Sciences Zwickau has a knowledge
base on critical incidents. Critical incidents capture and structure insights from critical situations in international mobility [Fet15]. With the rapid development of data and information, the
research platform CIs to Go has a clear need for a central search infrastructure that will allow
users to find and discover more relevant critical incidenst (or intercultural experinces as named
in the research platform CIs to Go). The data and information about critical incidents are stored
in open-source relational database management system PostgreSQL.
Nowadays it is inconceivable to use traditional RDBMS tools to analyze the data as they
grow very fast. The amount of information has steadily increased for years. Big Data provides
a solution for analyzing large amounts of data. Many search engine providers offer the solution
for analyzing large volumes of data, and companies are looking for open source solutions that
can quickly and reliably search, analyze, and evaluate large volumes of data. Elasticsearch
is a Lucene based search engine. Elasticsearch uses the concept of indexing to speed up the
search. This search engine provides a variety of options for free text queries, fuzzy matching
and indexing data. First, search engines and NLP toolkits are reviewed. This thesis also defines
the functional requirements of these tools. Then, an evaluation is given by indicating the positive
and negative aspects of the tools.
This thesis presents a complete search engine to be deployed on the research platform CIs
to Go as a new visual tool that helps in the process of searching for and finding intercultural
experiences.
The goal of this paper is to determine all relevant factors that influence the economic outcome and development of a country including the culture people practice. In the beginning of the paper it will be given a thorough explanation of culture and its components. There have been different theories on how culture influences the economic power of a country which until today are considered controversial. Therefore, it will be taken a closer look at for instance the theory of Max Weber, who explained in his book
Research and studies have indicated that rural highways globally exhibit a disproportionately high incidence of accidents and fatalities, which can be attributed to inadequate traffic safety measures. This paper primarily examines the causes of inadequate traffic safety, with a particular emphasis on factors associated with road conditions. These causes can be broadly categorized into human factors, road factors, and vehicle factors. Indeed, the movement of vehicles on these rural roads is characterized by unrestricted traffic flow, whereby the driving stability of a vehicle is primarily impacted by factors such as road alignments and surface conditions. Single-vehicle run-off-road crashes frequently exhibit a correlation with insufficient road conditions. Hence, enhancing the alignment design of roadways can prove to be efficacious in minimizing the occurrence of traffic accidents. However, constraints may arise in the context of rural roads, thereby imposing limitations on designers and engineers in their ability to modify road design. Therefore, it is imperative to explore alternative measures to enhance road safety as required. The objective of this study is to analyse driving behaviour on a two-lane rural road in Germany, taking into consideration the varying alignments of the road. The WHZ static simulator is an innovative technological tool utilized within the field of road design analysis, specifically for the purpose of evaluating driving behaviour. Speed, lateral positions, and are the primary parameters utilized in the evaluation of driving behaviours.
Keywords: Driving Simulators, Driving Behaviour, Traffic Safety, Trajectory Classification
China
(2015)
Within this Bachelor Thesis the Chinese economic development with begin of the economic boom until today are described. With focus on the Austrian Business Cycle Theory by Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek the questions why and how economic bubbles develop are investigated and similarities between countries who experienced economic bubbles in the past and China analysed. The conclusion of the research is that the Chinese real estate market has indeed been caught in a boom-and-bust cycle and is at the moment going through recession. A future reoccurence of an economic bubble in China is possible.
Electrical and thermal measurements were conducted during the plasma electrolytic polishing (PEP) of cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) materials to characterize energetic aspects of the process in relation to the temporal development of the gaseous layer near the workpiece. The power transferred to the workpiece is determined using a calorimetric probe and employing the time derivative of the temperature curve. It shows distinct heating phases due to the generation of the gaseous layer. At the beginning of the process, a typical power of 367 ± 17 W is transferred to the workpiece of a surface area of 14 cm2. At longer process times, a stabilized gaseous layer limits the power transferred to the workpiece to 183 ± 3 W. In an attempt to describe the heat transferred to the electrolyte, the electrolyte temperature was measured using a thermocouple situated 15 mm away from the workpiece. The local electrolyte temperature increases from 70 to 81 °C for an immersion depth of 20 mm. Moreover, the spatiotemporal development of the electrolyte temperature was obtained by 2D-hydrodynamic modeling using COMSOL Multiphysics®. The modeling results for the local temporal temperature development are in excellent agreement with the experimental values when the turbulent model is applied up to t = 65 s. Afterward, the laminar model leads to a better agreement. Furthermore, line scan x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that aliphatic carbon was preferentially removed. Only a slight compositional gradient in the vertical direction after the PEP process was observed.
The objective of this document is to design a connection between the devices of the two technologies SunSpec and Smart Energy 2.0 without the establishment of security backdoors. Smart Energy 2.0 devices should be able to gather data from SunSpec devices and modify writable registers for controlling purposes. Among other alternatives, the gateway proves itself as the most realistic and reasonable option and is chosen for further investigations. The connectivity requirements for such a device are analysed and mentioned. Interoperability between both networks is the core function of the gateway and established by the development of a Smart Energy 2.0 function set that implements the ability to represent SunSpec devices as resources in the Smart Energy 2.0 network. The gateway utilizes existing and introduces new mechanisms that maintain the high standard of security in Smart Energy 2.0 without any drawbacks. The document shows fundamental architectural approach and generally explains the functional and security mechanisms, but does not describe a complete gateway implementation.
Development and testing of a measuring system for recording mechanical loads on industrial batteries
(2019)
The electrical conduction mechanism of resistive switching Prussian white (PW) thin films obtained by the electrodeposition method was examined by AC impedance spectroscopy and DC current–voltage measurements. Using an electrode tip to contact PW grown over Au, robust unipolar resistive switching was observed with a current change of up to three orders of magnitude, high repeatability, and reproducibility. Moreover, electrical impedance spectroscopy showed that the resistive switching comes from small conductive filaments formed by potassium ions before the establishment of larger conductive channels. Both voltammetry and EIS measurements suggest that the electrical properties and conductive filament formation are influenced by defects and ions present in the grain boundaries. Thus, PW is a potential material for the next generation of ReRAM devices.
Prussian blue (PB) layers were electrodeposited for the fabrication of Au/PB/Ag stacks to study the resistive switching effect. The PB layers were characterized by different techniques to prove the homogeneity, composition, and structure. Electrical measurements confirmed the bipolar switching behavior with at least 3 orders of magnitude in current and the effect persisting for the 200 cycles tested. The low resistance state follows the ohmic conduction with an activation energy of 0.2 eV.
Multi-objective optimization of a model predictive vehicle dynamics control system using NSGA-II
(2022)
The development of the Automated Driving System (ADS) had a substantial significant impression on scientists. Throughout ADS, different units and controllers are installed, monitored, and analysed. The research is based on the theory of the Model Predictive Controller (MPC) system. which tackles the Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) problem by calling out the cost function on the path-following problem using the MPC (i:e Model Predictive Path Following Control (MPFC)) with the defined constraints for the lateral control of the vehicle. The cost function helps to minimize the errors and compute the data. But the computation through the cost function is a bit complex. To overcome the complexity, an Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) algorithm is proposed, which helps to minimize the errors of set parameters and provides an optimal solution. The notion of NSGA-II is to find a wide variety of solutions and obtain better convergence in the form of the Pareto Optimal Front. Moreover, the detail of the Non-Dominated Genetic Algorithm II is theoretically enlightened to understand the Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) concept and the workability of the genetic algorithm. And the whole function is scripted in the MATLAB program.
Furthermore, we analyse the generated data in the Pareto Optimal Front and compare it with the Hyper-volume indicator, the most popular set-quality metric for rating stochastic multi-objective optimizer performance. Its theoretical characteristics, particularly the strict monotonicity concerning set dominance, which is still exclusive
to hyper-volume based indicators, justify its widespread acceptance. Hyper-volume indicator scrutinizes the optimal solution of multiple results. The analysis and
evaluation are completed between two other data sets generated and received through the RandomDATA and Multiple Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO)
algorithm, which describe the quality of the best optimal solution between the results generated by the three algorithms.
Keywords: Non-Dominated Genetic Algorithm II, Model Predictive Path following Control, MATLAB, Algorithm, Pareto Optimal Front, Multi-Object optimization, Cost
Function
Certifying Fully Dynamic Algorithms for Recognition and Hamiltonicity of Threshold and Chain Graphs
(2023)
Solving problems on graphs dynamically calls for algorithms to function under repeated modifications to the graph and to be more efficient than solving the problem for the whole graph from scratch after each modification. Dynamic algorithms have been considered for several graph properties, for example connectivity, shortest paths and graph recognition. In this paper we present fully dynamic algorithms for the recognition of threshold graphs and chain graphs, which are optimal in the sense that the costs per modification are linear in the number of modified edges. Furthermore, our algorithms also consider the addition and deletion of sets of vertices as well as edges. In the negative case, i.e., where the graph is not a threshold graph or chain graph anymore, our algorithms return a certificate of constant size. Additionally, we present optimal fully dynamic algorithms for the Hamiltonian cycle problem and the Hamiltonian path problem on threshold and chain graphs which return a vertex cutset as certificate for the non-existence of such a path or cycle in the negative case.
Abstract:
Background: Proctoring represents a cornerstone in the acquisition of state‐of‐the‐art cardiovascular interventions. Yet, travel restrictions and containment measures during the COVID‐19 pandemic limited on‐site proctoring for training and expert support in interventional cardiology.
Methods and Results: We established a teleproctoring setup for training in a novel patent foramen ovale closure device system (NobleStitch EL, HeartStitch Inc, Fountain Valley, CA) at our institution using web‐based real‐time bidirectional audiovisual communication. A total of 6 patients with prior paradoxical embolic stroke and a right‐to‐left shunt of grade 2 or 3 were treated under remote proctorship after 3 cases were performed successfully under on‐site proctorship. No major device/procedure‐related adverse events occurred, and none of the patients had a residual right‐to‐left shunt of grade 1 or higher after the procedure. Additionally, we sought to provide an overview of current evidence available for teleproctoring in interventional cardiology. Literature review was performed identifying 6 previous reports on teleproctoring for cardiovascular interventions, most of which were related to the current COVID‐19 pandemic. In all reports, teleproctoring was carried out in similar settings with comparable setups; no major adverse events were reported.
Conclusions: Teleproctoring may represent a feasible and safe tool for location‐independent and cost‐effective training in a novel patent foramen ovale closure device system. Future prospective trials comparing teleproctoring with traditional on‐site proctoring are warranted.
The accident data analysis uses data mining and machine learning techniques, focusing on the factors that are involved in the accident occurrence. This data is collected by the police who is a first investigator and is afterwards used by the accident researcher to examine possible accident causes and influences. The main purpose of this thesis is to get an in-depth understanding by creating new data for accident researchers which helps to understand certain accident scenarios in more detail.
The additional data is based on information derived from the decodation of Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) or in the German Language it is also known as Fahrzeugidentifikationsnummer (FIN). The FIN was decoded into its various sections in order to get the detail on its company, model and model year so that the analysis based on this factor can be added to the accident information and accident participant information. This system is automized for a fast integration of new FIN-data into the accident database and can further be used in the future in-depth study of accident occurrence. It is expected that the research and findings mentioned in this thesis report will help the researcher to analyze the influence of these vehicle characteristics in accident occurrence.
Within the bachelor thesis a strategic analysis of the Gulf States and the digital sector was made for the full-service provider T-Systems Multimedia Solutions GmbH, to show new growth opportunities for international business outside the European market and help them deciding whether or not the market approach would be advisable. An observation of the environment of the region of the Gulf States was made. The aim was to get familiar with local market practices such as societal and cultural customs. The two identified target markets Qatar and the United Arab Emirates are examined by giving a brief overview of the two countries by political, economic and social environmental analysis. It was attempted to compare relevant information about Qatar and the United Arab Emirates internationally and with Germany. In order to be able to assess the attractiveness of the ICT market, market volumes and annual growth rates of the Middle East were outlined. Market figures of Middle Eastern countries were compared worldwide and checked against market volumes and growth rates of Western Europe, North America and Asia-Pacific to get the big picture. The competitive situation in the IT market of the Middle East was examined by presenting leading IT service providers. An assessment of the positioning, portfolio and existent strengths and weaknesses has been compared. Market impact was illus- trated in respective service portfolio segments based on analysis of Pierre Audoin Consultants. Opportunities and risks of the ICT market in the Middle East are outlined. Most important sectors and strongest solutions for T-Systems Multimedia Solutions have been identified.
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to investigate how cultural differences of countries can be used to make assumptions on what kind of financial product might be the most efficient one based on the culture of a country. By using re-search that is trying to explain market performance differences and consumer behavior differences based on culture of a country. This thesis is trying to link those researches in order to create a cultural assessment framework that can be used to make predictions about a country
Liquid deposition modeling is an energy-efficient, additive manufacturing process for pasty materials. Physical material properties were determined for a water-based paste consisting of the binder carboxymethyl cellulose and wood flour. A continuously operating dual screw extruder was developed, which was used to manufacture a table frame with a height of 18 cm.
Over the last few decades, the motorization rate has steadily increased because of an increase in private car ownership each year. According to the survey, the vehicle-to-person ratio is at an all-time high. An increase in accidents and parking space issues are some of the consequences of having more vehicles on the road.
Autonomous vehicles can be a solution to these problems. To allow autonomous vehicles to drive on the road, their efficiency and functionality to perform various tasks such as object detection, path planning, and path following must be tested.
Autonomous parking can be extremely beneficial for both autonomous vehicles and conventional vehicles. This thesis aims to develop a methodology to find if Reinforcement Learning can be used as an alternative approach to motion planning for autonomous parking. Three Reinforcement Learning algorithms, namely Soft Actor Critic, Truncated Quantile Critics and Twin Delay Deep Deterministic Policy, were used to accomplish the motion planning task.
The reinforcement Learning agents were trained on three scenarios with different levels of complexity. The agent learned the behaviour to follow, which led to a higher success rate and reward maximization at the end of the training phase. In the testing phase, agents were tested on various scenarios, including unknown scenarios. Additionally,
a comparison between the three agent’s training and testing results has been made with possible reasons behind the behaviour of all three agents. The potential benefit from autonomous parking by Reinforcement Learning includes an effective solution for various parking scenarios and a generalized model which can be used without repetition of the training process.
This bachelor thesis focuses on the recent financial crisis that hit many countries one way or another. While the general causes and consequences are explained, the focus is on Spain and how the crisis developed there, in which ways the Spanish government and people were influenced and what measures were taken to restore the country's economy. Special emphasis is also put on the Austrian Business Cycle Theory in order to explain the origin of the financial crisis that started in 2007. All in all, the main aim of this paper is to give a small overview of this global crisis and its impact on Spain.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of mechanical stresses in Through-Silicon-Vias (TSV)
(2007)
In the work an experimental and theoretical investigation of the influence on the wafer bending of Through-Silicon-Vias (TSV) and their processing is presented. In a first step the influence of the anisotropic material properties of silicon and the thicknesses of an oxide hard mask and a tungsten film were analyzed at room temperature and as a function of the temperature up to 500 °C. For this purpose, the wafer bow was determined experimentally. In a second step, the analysis was extended to structured wafers. Wafers with Through-Silicon-Vias were etched and coated subsequently with several films. The wafer bow at room temperature was monitored stepwise. The theoretical analysis of bow and stress was done by using the Finite-Element-Program ANSYS. Models for unstructured wafers with various films were developed and the results compared with the experimental bow. For structured wafers, a model of a single via was generated; local deformations, stresses and the stress distribution were determined. To attempt the simulation of fully structured wafers, an effective medium model was developed as first step approximation.
As corporate social responsibility (CSR) is becoming increasingly important in China, this bachelor thesis examines the current state, problems and challenges of corporate social responsibility in China. Based on the analysis of the CSR strategies of Apple and Huawei in China, the thesis reveals lessons and guidelines for companies that want to implement a CSR strategy and integrate CSR operations into their business in China.
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between contextual work-related factors in terms of job demands (workload-WL) and job resources (work flexibility-WF), work-life conflict (WLC) and the burnout dimension emotional exhaustion (EE) in a large population-based sample. Building on the job demands resources model (JDRM), we have developed the hypothesis that WL has an indirect effect on EE that is mediated by WLC. We conducted a secondary analysis using data from the Dresden Burnout Study (DBS, N = 4246, mean age (SD) = 42.7 years (10.5); 36.4% male). Results from structural equation modelling revealed that EE is positively associated with WL (β = 0.15, p = 0.001) and negatively associated with WF (β = -0.13, p = 0.001), also after accounting for potential confounding variables (demography, depressive symptoms, and lifetime diagnosis of burnout). Both effects are mediated by WLC (β = 0.18; p = 0.001 and β = 0.08; p = 0.001, respectively) highlighting the important role of WLC in employee health. In summary, WF may help to reduce burnout symptoms in employees, whereas WL may increase them. Study results suggest that both associations depend on WLC levels.
The objective of this work is to provide some useful tools to foreign investors intentioned to make business in Turkey, giving a general overview of the country. Political, economic, social as well as environmental characteristics are described in order to give a global point of view on this emerging market. Besides, four selected industrial sectors are analyzed and possible business opportunities for each sector have been indicated. In this sense, some considerations on the potentialities of Turkish market are given on the basis of two chances and risks profiles, one in the case that Turkey will become a full member of the European Union and the other in the case that it will maintain the actual status of simply associated partner.
The principal objective of this thesis is to execute a priority system for public transport buses at a signalized intersection. Based on the actual demand for buses, a dedicated bus lane is proposed to provide spatio-temporal priority. The optimal location was examined with the help of microscopic simulation software before bus lanes were introduced in the network. Bus priority lanes interrupted the existing traffic flow pattern and compelled straight-ahead vehicles to shift into adjacent lanes. Therefore, median turning lanes were added to improve the capacity of mainstreams. A fixed-time signal program with an additional transit priority phase was designed to accommodate peak-hour traffic flow. In order to achieve variabilities in the cycle length, a vehicle-actuated signal controller was implemented to operate the modeled intersection, which responds to the real-time traffic demand.
A simulation test was performed in VISSIM on both the actual and modeled intersection. Comprehensive result analysis in terms of travel time, vehicle delays, and queue lengths was made to determine the performance and saturation level of the selected intersection.
The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of different disinfection protocols in a novel Enterococcus faecalis biofilm model based on a visualization method and to evaluate the potential alteration of dentinal surface. A total of 120 extracted human premolars were allocated to 6 groups with different irrigation protocols. The assessment of the effectiveness of each protocol and the alteration of dentinal surface were visualized by using SEM and fluorescence microscopy (DAPI). A dense E. faecalis biofilm with a penetration depth of 289 μm (medial part of the root canal) and 93 μm (apical part) validated that the biofilm model had been successfully implemented. A significant difference between the 3% NaOCl groups and all the other groups in both observed parts of the root canal (p < 0.05) was detected. However, the SEM analysis revealed that the dentinal surface in the 3% NaOCl groups was severely altered. The established biofilm model and the visualization method based on DAPI are appropriate for bacterial quantification and evaluation of the depth effect of different disinfection protocols in the root canal system. The combination of 3% NaOCl with 20% EDTA or MTAD with PUI allows the decontamination of deeper dentine zones within the root canal but simultaneously alters the dentinal surface.
With the introduction of more and more stringent exhaust emission limitations for diesel engines by the legislation, engine and vehicle manufactures looking for solutions to meet this legislation limits with minimal hardware changes. In the present study experiments were performed to find possible solutions to meet TIER-4a emission limits without using a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF). Two similar medium duty diesel engines were chosen to demonstrate this only by changing the fuel injection hardware and calibration. The study was divided into an investigation of the benefit of higher injection pressures while the second part concentrated on the investigation of multiple injection effects. It was found that with the use of high injection pressures from 1800 bar upwards together with high exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates the targets can be fulfilled with a single injection. This test was performed at the rated speed 100% load point. The multiple injection experiments demonstrated that the use of an early large pilot injection together with an close post injection can reduce the NOx and smoke emissions efficiently. It was found that with this injection strategy the TIER-4a emission targets can be achieved with a railpressure of only 1300 bar and lower EGR rate of 15% at a mid speed 75% load point (mode-6). The set of experiments also included a investigation into another efficient possibility to achieve TIER-4a emission standards with the use of a DPF but without the use of an EGR system. It was found that with the use of an early pilot injection and a retarded main injection timing it is possible to reduce the NOx formation to achieve the 3 g/kWh NOx limit.
Public transport not only plays an essential role in helping people with diverse economic backgrounds to access employment and services but also the everyday life and mobility of people. Public transport is one of the most essential segments of public infrastructure in any country and a key pointer towards the economic development of that country. This study will examine the current public transport system in the United Kingdom and Germany. The focus will be bus and rail services. The study will review the present transport policy in both countries, and the system of governance – stakeholders, infrastructure, planning, and the role of public transport in everyday life of the citizens. Based on these key aspects, the paper will analyze the better developed and the lagging areas of public transport by way of comparison between both countries. After analyzation, the paper will comment on and highlight areas with room for better policy and planning in future in the United Kingdom and Germany.
Keywords – public transport, analyze, governance, policy, infrastructure, comparison, future policy.
Die Bachelorarbeit beschreibt die Entwicklung, die verschiedenen Arten und die Auswirkungen in der Theorie und an konkreten Beispielen von Ausländischen Direktinvestitionen. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf Deutschland als Teil der EU bzw. Ausländischen Direktinvestitionen aus China.
The SuperStitch is a suture-based closure device for the use during minimally invasive surgical procedures. The aim is to close a vessel or wound site in an open setting. The project is dealing with the further development of an already proven product pf the HeartStitch company. In the process, adaptation and fining solutions based on new requirements are discussed. These aim to perform surgery in the area of the human heart. The new field of application is mostly meant to deal with the closure of PFO's, ASD II and occurring residual shunts.
The aim of this Diploma Thesis is the adjustment and optimization of an existing turbocharged diesel engine on the much promising HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) Combustion Technique in base on adapted piston geometries and injecting strategies. This adjustment is focused on the simulation of the complete engine, while suitable simulation programs for the different subsystems of the engine. On base of the 1-D simulation routine AMESim (Imagine) the Injector of the Common Rail System, and thus the injecting behaviour is simulated. Afterwards the results are used in the 3-D CFD program FIRE (AVL), in order to represent a Single Cylinder Engine of the overall system. The Conclusion forms the simulation of the overall diesel engine on the base of the simulation routine BOOST (AVL).
The role accomlished by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules in initiating and regulating immune respouses, binding short pepticles and displaying them on the cell surface for recoguition by Tiell receptors, is of the atmost importance in immunlogogy. However, only a subset of peptider is capable of binding to any particular MHC molecule. The study was undertaken to rationalize MHC/ peptide interactions in terms of molecular structural requirements for the prediction of class I MHC buding peptides. Prediction of buding activities by means of computational methods can minimize experimental assays, and lead to the development of vaceines and immune-therapeutie drugs.
The People's Republic of China has had the aim of a (socialist) market economy since 1976. Nevertheless, it is still under dictatorial control. In this paper it is analysed if the Chinese political system is compatible with a market economy and in which way the classification of a socialist market economy is justified. Finally, an explanation why the term sino-capitalism fits for the Chinese economic system best will be given.
The Jupyter ecosystem with JupyterHub and JupyterLab as its most prominent members is the de-facto standard for teaching Python programming and also for research in machine learning and data science. Although the Jupyter project is well documented, there are lots of settings and situations requiring deep knowledge of the internal workings of Jupyter, Linux and related software tools. This report describes three problems and possible solutions arising when installing and configuring a Jupyter-based teaching environment. These three problems are the installation and setup of the autograding tool nbgrader, the interplay between JupyterHub and Linux PAM, and providing access to WebDAV resources for users of JupyterHub.
The book is the first of four volumes on data science and artificial intelligence. This first volume covers fundamentals of data science: an introduction to Python programming, software libraries for data management, techniques for working with big data. It contains many exercises and projects with real-world data.
The book 'Reinforcment Learning: An Introduction' by Sutton and Barto is the standard text book for introductory courses to reinforcement learning. Next to concrete algorithms and extensive examples the book contains several fundamental results related to Markov decision processes (MDPs) and Bellman equations in Chapters 3 and 4. Unfortunately some proofs are missing, some theorems lack precise formulation, and for some results the line of arguments is quite garbled.
In this note we provide all missing proofs, give precise formulations of theorems and untangle the line of arguments. Further, we avoid using random variables and their expected values. Since we (like Sutton/Barto) restrict our attention to finite MDPs all expected values can be made explicit avoiding overloaded notation and murky conclusions.
This article bridges the gap between introductory literature like Sutton/Barto and research literature containing exact formulations and proofs of relevant results, but being less accessible to beginners due to higher generality and complexity.
LEGO robotics sets are a well established tool for teaching programming in undergraduate courses. Starting with the now outdated EV3 set LEGO provided a Python programming interface and (inofficial) Linux support. The current LEGO Spike Prime set still provides Python programming, but no direct support for Linux.
In this report we collect and extend information on controlling Spike Prime robots from Linux hosts. We cover access to a robot's Python interpreter and code transfer as well as bidirectional robot-to-host communication via USB and Bluetooth. Results may be extended to robot-to-robot communication via Bluetooth.
The book is the second of four volumes on data science and artificial intelligence. This second volume covers data visualization tool and techniques as well as fundamentals of supervised machine learning: linear regression, artificial neural networks, support-vector machines, decision trees, ensemble methods and more.
The title of this thesis is the development of a Standardized Process Controlling and a method for the measurement of plant flexibility using the example of the Automotive Aftermarket (AA) division of the Robert Bosch GmbH. Developing the Standardized Process Controlling based on literature review and an analysis of existing procedures at the company. The approach consists of an instruction for process development and a reporting tool to control it after implementation. It is tested on three already existing processes as well as on the development of the Plant Flexibility process; establishing the Plant Flexibility measurement on the four aspects of line, volume, time and personnel capacity flexibility. In the application of the Standardized Process Controlling identified problems are used to improve and finalize the approach. As a result an easier implementation of processes as well as an evaluation of their current performance is possible.
The thesis explains the economic and political motivation of China's drive towards Africa, the political framework for this and the approach to the African continent via trade, investment and aid. The Sino-African cooperation is exemplified by the countries Angola, Sudan, Zimbabwe, Nigeria, Kenya and South Africa. Finally several points of criticism and the perceptions of the Western world towards China's engagement with Africa will be examined.