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China is planning to rebuild the ancient Silk Road into a modern infrastructre network, spanning Asia, Central Asia and Europe. The investements are high and are not paying off. This thesis is exploring the political reasons for China's plans and the impact the initiative has on the Chinese-Kazakh relationship.
This bachelor thesis is about the development and design of the suture-based HeartStitch MR device for functional restoration of the mitral valve when a mitral regurgitation is present. The mitral valve is one of the four existing heart valves and due to their load, the mitral valve is most commonly affected by valve defects. In case of a mitral regurgitation, the leaflets of the mitral valve are not closing tight enough, which causes a reflux of the oxygenated blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium. As consequence, the human body won't be sufficiently supplied with oxygen anymore, which results in a disproportionate cardiac output. Untreated, this can lead to respiratory dis-tress, cardiac arrhythmias and stroke or even to death. In this case, a heart surgery is essential to improve the patient
This work aimed to apply the Floating Film Transfer Method (FTM), developed by Kaneto et.al., as a new way of coating planar and nonplanar substrates with photoresist. Focus laid on the creation of a workflow to coat the substrate and process it by UV-Lithography and Nanoimprint lithography. Conventional coating methods like spin-, spray- or dip coating are well established in today’s industry but are limited in their capabilities to coat curved and structured surfaces. FTM offers the possibility to overcome these limitations. Therefore, two negative resists AR N 4400 and AR N 4600 10 as well as two positive resists AR P 3110 and AZ MIR 701 were drop cast on deionized water. The resist spreads into a thin film that can be transferred to a planar or curved substrate. Profilometric and ellipsometric measurements were conducted to evaluate the topography of the resist. A non-uniform thickness distribution was found depending on the resist and parameters like solid content, water temperature, and the amount of surfactant. UV-Lithography and Nanoimprintl ithography were successfully performed with these films. Resolutions as low as 2,3±0,4 µm were achieved by UV-Lithography of AR P 3110. A periodic pattern with a pitch of 1,51 µm was transferred by thermal nanoimprint lithography to AR N 4400 10. As proof of concept Laser Direct Writing was performed to structure AZ MIR 701coated on a glass vial.
The thesis analysis the car parks’ elements and the factors that influence the drivers’ behaviour on them. Then makes an approach to the definition of the strategy of how the car drivers search for free parking spaces. The reason for it is that there is a need to assess car parks’ design parameters in the terms of their performance. One of the decisive factors is also the drivers’ behaviour. A car park simulation based on the environment of matrices is designed and implemented in MATLAB. The algorithm for searching for the parking spaces is designed and implemented within that as well. The results of the simulation are presented.
Morality confronts us in our daily life. Sometimes people do not act the way we would have expected it. One of the biggest culture differences can be found between China and Germany. A lot of foreigners try to make business in the more and more economic important becoming country. A lot of them fail, because of not knowing how to act in certain circumstances. Furthermore, some situations are happening which one would not expected. Everyone got influenced by media about China. But is everything true about it? Most of the journalists are from western countries and they decide what is right and what wrong dependent from their origin. We call such a situation ethnocentrism. It means, that one judges dependent on ones ethnical norms one raised up with and that these norms are basis of valuation on other cultures (Schubert, 2011). While I was in China, I experienced a lot moral misunderstandings. I found out that especially foreign companies do have huge problems in that term because they use their - grown up morality- in China which is not working. This paper explains moral inequalities and helps companies to act differently in consideration of a very important topic such as payment morality.
This research investigates the Leipzigerstraße and Gießereistraße intersection in Rackwitz to enhance safety and sustainable transportation. The study analyzes existing designs that experience accidents and proposes a design plan of mini roundabout to improve safety while using the guideline Anlage von Kreisverkehren. In this project, the roundabout is planned according to the currently valid guidelines from phase 2 of the HOAI (Fee Structure for Architects and Engineers). Rainwater management strategies and traffic quality of the roundabout are considered. Additionally, cyclist-friendly paths connecting Rackwitz and Zschölkau are developed in line by using guideline ERA. The proposed roundabout design and elevated cycle paths are identified as effective solutions to enhance safety and support eco-friendly transportation. By adhering to established guidelines and prioritizing safety, this research contributes to creating a secure and sustainable urban transportation network.
Development and Characterization of a Dispersion-Encoded Method for Low-Coherence Interferometry
(2022)
This Open Access book discusses an extension to low-coherence interferometry by dispersion-encoding. The approach is theoretically designed and implemented for applications such as surface profilometry, polymeric cross-linking estimation and the determination of thin-film layer thicknesses. During a characterization, it was shown that an axial measurement range of 79.91 µm with an axial resolution of 0.1 nm is achievable. Simultaneously, profiles of up to 1.5 mm in length were obtained in a scan-free manner. This marked a significant improvement in relation to the state-of-the-art in terms of dynamic range. Also, the axial and lateral measurement range were decoupled partially while functional parameters such as surface roughness were estimated. The characterization of the degree of polymeric cross-linking was performed as a function of the refractive index. It was acquired in a spatially-resolved manner with a resolution of 3.36 x 10-5. This was achieved by the development of a novel mathematical analysis approach.
Natural varnishes have been used for centuries by musical instrument makers to protect the instruments for climatic, aesthetic and acoustic reasons. The effects of varnishes on the protection of the wood surface, as well as their aesthetic parameters, are easier to verify and compare visually, but the comparison of their acoustic effects has always been challenging and debated.
In fact, varnish layers have a small effect on the vibration properties of wood. For example, the effect of a decrease or increase in humidity on the vibration properties of wood is sometimes equal to the effect of several layers of varnish. Because of this small amount of effect, measuring this effect is also difficult and challenging.
Our strategy in this study is to obtain the clearest possible results by comparing the effect of only two types of oil varnishes with completely opposite elastomechanical properties and increasing the number of samples varnished.
The samples were measured before and after each varnish layer using conventional methods for measuring vibration properties, and the average results of the same samples were discussed and analyzed.
Overall, the amber varnish obviously has a more negative effect on the vibration properties of the violin plates compared to the colophony varnish.
The leading question, which political system is better suited for an emerging economy with a large population to ensure an effective climate protection, builds the nucleus of this thesis. The People's Republic of China and the Republic of India, which share similar demographic conditions and represent an autocratic and a democratic form of government, are compared in terms of the formulation and implementation of climate protection strategies and measures to draw conclusions about the characteristics of the respective systems.
Ferroelectric doped hafnium oxide might be able to revive the ferroelectric memory as a candidate for future non-volatile memories. Recent publications have reported ferroelectricity in HfO2 films deposited via physical vapor deposition (PVD) and thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD). Within this thesis, such layers have been fabricated by a plasma enhanced ALD process for the first time. Using an O2 remote plasma to oxidize TEMAHf and TMAl, respectively, Al:HfO2 stacks with different compositions have been deposited. Sputter deposited TiN was used as bottom and top electrode to form metal-insulator-metal capacitors. Compared to the PVD or thermal ALD films reported in literature, the plasma enhanced ALD films exhibited one to two orders higher leakage current at 1 V. The root of this higher leakage are oxygen vacancies as well as carbon and nitrogen impurities in the range of several at%. Despite the consequential perturbing effects, the main trends reported earlier are discernable. Just these perturbing effects turn out to substantiate the current explanation of a ferroelectric phase as route source for the observed electrical behavior.