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Level crossings represent high risk for both rail and road users due to the severe consequences of any possible accident. Between 2011-2020, a total of 1602 accidents occurred at level crossings in Germany and resulted in 344 fatalities. Therefore, elimination of accident risk through consolidation of level crossings becomes a priority. However, due to the scarcity of financial resources in comparison to the high costs that level crossings consolidation or safety upgrade projects require, there is a need for the creation of tools that prioritize the level crossings for consolidation projects based on several criteria that is not related to safety only but to social, economic and environmental aspects as well. Such tool would be particularly useful for authorities and decision-makers in Germany to improve the resource allocation process and increase overall safety at German level crossings. In this project, the level crossing prioritization and consolidation models that are applied all over the world are reviewed and analyzed to benefit from the international experiences in this field. Additionally, a literature review to determine the most influencing factors on level crossing safety was performed. After that, a points-based priority score for German level crossings was developed based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology after a pairwise comparison survey was conducted to a selected level crossing group of experts. The developed model assigns a priority score from 1000 points to each level crossing. Crossings could be ranked according to their priority for consolidation and safety upgrade based on the points received as crossings with the highest priority score have a higher priority for elimination.
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to investigate how cultural differences of countries can be used to make assumptions on what kind of financial product might be the most efficient one based on the culture of a country. By using re-search that is trying to explain market performance differences and consumer behavior differences based on culture of a country. This thesis is trying to link those researches in order to create a cultural assessment framework that can be used to make predictions about a country
The Jupyter ecosystem with JupyterHub and JupyterLab as its most prominent members is the de-facto standard for teaching Python programming and also for research in machine learning and data science. Although the Jupyter project is well documented, there are lots of settings and situations requiring deep knowledge of the internal workings of Jupyter, Linux and related software tools. This report describes three problems and possible solutions arising when installing and configuring a Jupyter-based teaching environment. These three problems are the installation and setup of the autograding tool nbgrader, the interplay between JupyterHub and Linux PAM, and providing access to WebDAV resources for users of JupyterHub.
The book is the first of four volumes on data science and artificial intelligence. This first volume covers fundamentals of data science: an introduction to Python programming, software libraries for data management, techniques for working with big data. It contains many exercises and projects with real-world data.
The book 'Reinforcment Learning: An Introduction' by Sutton and Barto is the standard text book for introductory courses to reinforcement learning. Next to concrete algorithms and extensive examples the book contains several fundamental results related to Markov decision processes (MDPs) and Bellman equations in Chapters 3 and 4. Unfortunately some proofs are missing, some theorems lack precise formulation, and for some results the line of arguments is quite garbled.
In this note we provide all missing proofs, give precise formulations of theorems and untangle the line of arguments. Further, we avoid using random variables and their expected values. Since we (like Sutton/Barto) restrict our attention to finite MDPs all expected values can be made explicit avoiding overloaded notation and murky conclusions.
This article bridges the gap between introductory literature like Sutton/Barto and research literature containing exact formulations and proofs of relevant results, but being less accessible to beginners due to higher generality and complexity.
LEGO robotics sets are a well established tool for teaching programming in undergraduate courses. Starting with the now outdated EV3 set LEGO provided a Python programming interface and (inofficial) Linux support. The current LEGO Spike Prime set still provides Python programming, but no direct support for Linux.
In this report we collect and extend information on controlling Spike Prime robots from Linux hosts. We cover access to a robot's Python interpreter and code transfer as well as bidirectional robot-to-host communication via USB and Bluetooth. Results may be extended to robot-to-robot communication via Bluetooth.
The book is the second of four volumes on data science and artificial intelligence. This second volume covers data visualization tool and techniques as well as fundamentals of supervised machine learning: linear regression, artificial neural networks, support-vector machines, decision trees, ensemble methods and more.
OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a large open database for geographic data created and maintained by volunteers. OSM's main data use is rendering an extremely detailed map of the world. Data quality is an important issue for applications like routing of pedestrians to public transport facilities. In this report we describe different schemes for mapping bus stops in OSM and we provide statistics on usage of those schemes, the good ones and the not so good ones.
This work analyzes and evaluates different approaches to translate UML state machines into C++ code. The first part of this thesis covers the ground of transforming information of a source language to a target language. It addresses the basics of language theory and different approaches of language transformation. The second part examines the properties and formalisms of state machines to value their characteristics for further reuse in the development cycle. The third part disassembles the programming language C++ with all its quirks and oddities. The last part puts all mentioned pieces together. Beyond this approach the thesis tries to point out several concepts of language engineering to ease the use of software languages for the language user as well as the language engineer. It scrutinizes diverging solutions with the resulting consequences.
Radiation measurements have been employed in research for close to a century and over the last years a growing interest for application in workshops has developed. However, some problems of standardization mainly pertaining to room acoustics arise, which make measurement results comparable only to those conducted under the same circumstances. Our aim is to modify measurement procedure and rig design in such a way, that comparable results can be attained even in acoustically non-ideal spaces. A specialized rig for violin radiation measurements was constructed leaning on partial automation to allow for the application of thick curtains as a means of decoupling measurements from the surrounding room. Trial runs in an acoustically challenging space - our living room - as well as in a small studio environment were conducted.
Improvements of measurement results were obtained for frequencies above 800 Hz, measurements were influenced significantly by the surrounding room below that threshold. As a result, calculated features were heavily skewed by the environment, rendering obtained data useless for statistical purposes. Therefore additional measurements of six instruments were performed in a small studio environment and features as defined in the literature calculated. Correlations with listening test results concerning the evenness of sound as well as structural instrument parameters were obtained. Listening test results were inconclusive, which is proposed to be attributed to the narrow range of instrument quality available for trials. Some interesting correlations of measurement features with structural parameters could be obtained and further vetted through the comparison with a second set of data. Three correlations were found which were significant or approaching significance in both groups, giving a more complete connection from instrument making to sound perception. Furthermore we have found some interesting correlations of structural parameters, giving insights into maker decisions and corroborating some workshop wisdoms.
BIM (Building information modeling) is becoming a reliable method for the planning, design, implementation, and maintenance stages of construction projects due to its ability to improve the quality of project stages, reduce project time, and ensure costs. From 2000 onwards, the trend of using BIM method increased in the world. And in the last decade, many developed countries have introduced BIM as a reasonable and efficient method with the aim of optimizing project stages, and many employers have paid attention to training and persuading consulting and contracting companies.
In the meantime, the BIM method is constantly being updated. Many researchers are looking to modify existing sub-methods to help the project achieve all of the great BIM goals.
Although BIM has great goals such as those mentioned, in some cases, projects are not able to achieve all of them for various reasons.
This thesis has put its hypothesis on the existence of deficiencies in the content of the EIR (Employer's Information Requirements) document and its writing methods.
This document, which is a kind of project guide in BIM format, is compiled by the client and its task is to announce the needs of the client to the members involved in the project and to clarify the different stages of the project. In many construction projects, due to the complexity of the EIR, the employer's lack of attention to some information, or the failure to include the opinions and views of the project's stakeholders in the writing of this document, the EIR cannot fulfill its key role with its maximum potential performance in the project.
This thesis is written with the aim of finding a comprehensive solution to maximize the power of the BIM method in a project through correct and complete document writing.
Also, this thesis seeks to prove its claims by focusing on the ABS 38 project as a case study. In addition, a literature review on important and key issues in the field of BIM and EIR documents has been done. After that, a scoring system (Relative rating method) was used to find the best variant and compare it to prove the proposed hypothesis.
Automotive transportation plays an important role in everyday urban life. The motorization is increasing along with rising population every year. The constant increase of cars causes various problems in big cities. One of the major problems is parking. Parking search traffic contributes to about 30% of the traffic volume in city centers. This leads to problems like congestion, road accidents, increase of fuel emission due to the circling of cars inside the city looking for parking facilities, environmental pollution etc. Most of the cities face this problem not because of the unavailability of parking spots in parking facilities but rather because drivers don't have the right information on where to park. This can be solved by providing proper guidance about the parking facilities to the drivers. For this, efficient parking space management including the design of a suitable parking guidance system is required. The Entsorgungs and Vekehrsbetrieb (EVB) Wismar has been responsible for the parking space management in the city since 2012 and is implementing the parking space concept in Wismar that was approved by the town council. So far, there is a static parking guidance system in Wismar, which consists of 20 locations with signs pointing to six parking facilities. The Entsorgungs und Vekehrsbetrieb (EVB) intends to replace the static parking guidance system of the Hanseatic City of Wismar with a dynamic parking guidance system (DPGS). The aim of my master thesis is to create a concept for the development of a dynamic parking guidance system in the Hanseatic city of Wismar, including the technical operation and possible implementation, taking autonomous driving into account.
In dieser Arbeit werden interkulturelle Konflikte zwischen Amerikanern und Chinesen im Unternehmensalltag untersucht. Ziel der Arbeit ist es herauszufinden welche Konfliktlösungsstile Chinesen im Konflikt anwenden.
ABSTRACT
Traffic congestion is a worldwide issue seen in various metropolitan cities. The reason for the existence of traffic congestion is overpopulation and high volumes of private cars that the roads are not able to sustain. The causes of traffic congestion are accidents, pollution, rush hours, bus bunching, and delays. Data and statistics are provided for traffic congestion related to rush hours. The benefits of public transportation such as buses are discussed. In this paper various forms of transit signal priority (TSP) strategies are assessed. TSP is a strategy that improves public transportation. The goal is to lessen congestion, lessen wait times, lessen travel times, and improve the service. Various forms of transit signal priority are researched and analyzed such as green wave, red truncation, dedicated bus lanes, queue jumps, etc.
The principal objective and aim of this thesis are improving traffic flow at the intersections of 2nd avenue @ 97th street, 2nd avenue @ 98th street and 2nd avenue @ 99th street in Manhattan. VISSIM will be utilized in implementing and setting up a high-quality microscopic simulation model of the signalized intersection in Manhattan. Providing prioritization for public transportation (specifically buses). Analyzing deficiencies in the traffic flow at the intersection 2nd avenue @ 97th, 98 and 99th street. The real time aspects will be considered on the selected intersections such as traffic signal coordination, speeds, pedestrians, various types of vehicles, public transportation, and bus stops.
There will be two models simulated: one that simulates the real time conditions. The second model in VISSIM implement changes to traffic flow on signalized intersection through V-A controller logic system. Improved signalization utilizes tsp and shows changes to congestion by giving buses priority with the help of detectors on signalized intersections. The aim of this model is to provide priority to buses and allows them special treatment; ultimately improves the bus service and traffic congestion.
KEYWORDS:
Bus priority, transit signal priority, detectors, public transportation, green extension, V-A Signal controller.