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The increasing impact of Internal combustion engines on the environment have led to some stringent rules over the automotive industry, which have forced them to have a deeper investigation into the components of the engine.Friction, oil consumption and blow-by are the major concern of the automotive industry and all of this happens at the Piston-ring pack assembly. So, through this work using 3D CFD software Star CCM+, the better understanding of the fluid mechanics in the Piston-ring pack is addressed, which could be helpful for the broad range of R&D and can also provide base for the further CFD research. A two-dimensional geometric section of the Piston-ring pack has been selected of the Gasoline engine having the operating condition of full load. The 2D Piston-ring pack has been modelled with the transient condition of Pressure and Temperature over the cycle. Dynamic mesh has been created for the kinematics and dynamics of the Piston and rings. Gas flow and oil flow in the Piston-ring pack was analysed with the dependent parameters like absolute pressure for 3 cycles, which was also compared with available MBS (Multi-body Simulation) results, Mass flow rate. Based on that, the flow pattern of the gas and oil was captured with different transport mechanism i.e. reverse flow, inertia force, squeezing, pumping. Hydrodynamic friction power loss was also studied between ring-liner gap due to shear stress in lubricating oil and the results was compared with MBS results. The resultant axial and radial force acting on the rings was also calculated and compared for all the 3 cycles. This work is the comprehensive investigation of the Piston-ring pack (2D-model) for all the important mechanism could take place in the Piston-ring pack. It constitutes a major step in understanding oil and gas dynamics in the Piston-ring pack.
China is planning to rebuild the ancient Silk Road into a modern infrastructre network, spanning Asia, Central Asia and Europe. The investements are high and are not paying off. This thesis is exploring the political reasons for China's plans and the impact the initiative has on the Chinese-Kazakh relationship.
As corporate social responsibility (CSR) is becoming increasingly important in China, this bachelor thesis examines the current state, problems and challenges of corporate social responsibility in China. Based on the analysis of the CSR strategies of Apple and Huawei in China, the thesis reveals lessons and guidelines for companies that want to implement a CSR strategy and integrate CSR operations into their business in China.
This thesis will examine the process of internationalization which generates international changes and growth, entry into new markets and the creation of new businesses. Projecting this on the sports industry, businessmen tend to take more risks than a few decades ago in the interest of becoming more competitive. The sports industry is used to transmit multiple messages as it reaches global audiences. The term sports covers much more than the physical activity. The term also comprises possibilities for lucrative business actions, sponsoring and image creation. Furthermore, it induces a pooling of diverse cultures. Thanks to this boundary-spanning connection of sportsmen and arising opportunities to increase sales, managers have decided to go international and to expand their company
The SuperStitch is a suture-based closure device for the use during minimally invasive surgical procedures. The aim is to close a vessel or wound site in an open setting. The project is dealing with the further development of an already proven product pf the HeartStitch company. In the process, adaptation and fining solutions based on new requirements are discussed. These aim to perform surgery in the area of the human heart. The new field of application is mostly meant to deal with the closure of PFO's, ASD II and occurring residual shunts.
Es wird ein neuartiges, interferometrisches Verfahren zur Analyse dünner Filme beschrieben.
An omnipresent topic in the economic news of the current year 2018 were the
developments regarding the smoldering trade dispute between the USA and China.
Within short periods of time, a downright exchange of strikes between the
administrations of the two countries evolved, with the President of the USA, Donald
Trump, in particular, pithily announcing to China an increasingly serious threat of
sanctions. Although the Chinese side was noticeably striving to de-escalate the verbal
dispute, it also presented a series of sanctions which were described in the relevant
press as so-called retaliatory tariffs.
The reason behind this diplomatic duel, however, has substance. It is evident that the
USA and China share an exceptional status with regard to economic fundamentals.
The US has the largest international trade deficit of US$ 375.2 billion vis-à-vis China.
China, on the other hand, is by far the largest creditor of the USA on an international
scale and currently holds around US$ 1.2 trillion in government bonds. Accordingly,
China exerts a major economic influence over the USA. This objective situation
opposes the subjective self-reflection of the government under President Trump, which
hardly misses an opportunity to operate on an international level with the help of
supposed deals according to the credo "America first".